Shock wave interactions in unsteady high-speed compressible flows

建议的大范围研究计划的统一主题是高速非定常可压缩流与冲击波，这是少得多的研究相比，他们的稳定同行。它的长期目标是研究重要的基础和应用问题，涉及非定常激波现象，使用国家的最先进的流动求解器，并继续进一步发展这些数值工具，将由正在研究的问题。 该计划包括三个主要的研究方向：（一）非定常冲击波从各种表面的反射和不同类型的反射之间的过渡的基本原理：与这些现象的物理机制和实验观察的解释有关的一些问题最近已成为吸引许多研究人员的热点和有争议的话题;拟议的项目旨在对辩论作出关键和决定性的贡献;（二）多流体介质中的冲击波现象，可用于两个应用领域：液体中汇聚冲击波驱动的气体空腔内爆，这与基于所谓磁化靶聚变的未来核聚变反应堆高度相关;以及冲击波的医学应用中遇到的激光脉冲能量在液体中沉积产生的冲击波传播和空化气泡动力学;（三）下一代高超音速吸气式发动机进气道的起动：将进一步研究新的进气道起动技术，如基于薄膜片破裂或所谓的“牵引火箭”概念的技术，并建立更现实的模型，以找到实际实施的方法。该计划的主要研究工具将是由首席研究员早些时候开发的一套高分辨率和高效的流动求解器。计划进一步开发，以更准确，有效和可靠地处理上述问题。还将建立分析模型。此外，首席研究员与上述一些研究方向的实验诊断领域的世界领导者建立了密切的合作关系，这些领导者将提供他们的实验数据，并额外执行首席研究员建议和设计的实验。因此，科学调查的所有三个节点都将充分投入。主要成果预计将是在选定的研究领域的基础和实践性质的发现，提供给研究和工程界通过参考出版物在档案期刊;对研究生/本科生进行广泛的培训，使其在许多方面具有独特的研究环境，并进一步开发冲击流非定常气体动力学的通用计算机代码，这些方法已被世界各地的许多研究人员使用，无疑将为今后的研究工作和实际应用其成果奠定坚实的基础。

The unifying theme of the proposed wide-scope research program is high-speed unsteady compressible flows with shock waves, which are much less studied as compared to their steady counterparts. Its long-term objectives are to study important basic and applied problems involving unsteady shock wave phenomena using the state-of-the-art flow solvers and to continue further development of these numerical tools as would be dictated by the problems under study.  The program encompasses three major research directions: (I) Fundamentals of unsteady shock wave reflections from various surfaces and transitions between different types of reflection: a number of issues related to physical mechanisms of these phenomena and interpretations of experimental observations have recently become a hot and contentious topic attracting many researchers; the proposed project is aimed at making crucial and decisive contributions to the debate; (II) Shock wave phenomena in multi-fluid media for two application areas: the implosion of a gas cavity driven by converging shock waves in liquid, which is highly relevant to the prospective nuclear fusion reactors based on the so-called magnetized target fusion;  and the shock wave propagation and cavitation bubble dynamics generated by laser pulse energy depositions in liquids, as encountered in medical applications of shock waves; (III) Starting of air intakes for next-generation hypersonic air-breathing engines (scramjets): novel intake starting techniques such as the ones based on the ideas of thin diaphragm rupture or so called "tractor-rocket" will be further studied with more realistic models aiming at finding the ways of their practical implementation. The main research tool of the program will be the set of high-resolution and efficient flow solvers developed earlier by the principal investigator. It is planned to be further developed for more accurate, efficient, and reliable treatment of the above problems. Analytical models will be developed as well. Furthermore, the principal investigator forged close collaborative ties with, arguably, world leaders in experimental diagnostics for some of the above research directions, who would supply their experimental data and additionally perform experiments suggested and designed by the principal investigator. Thus, all three nodes of scientific investigation will be fully engaged. The major outcomes are expected to be discoveries of both fundamental and practical nature in the chosen research areas delivered to research and engineering community via refereed publications in archival journals; extensive training of graduate/undergraduate students in stimulating and in many aspects unique research environment, and further development of general computer codes for unsteady gasdynamics of shocked flows, which are already in use by many researchers worldwide and would undoubtedly serve as a solid base for future research undertakings and practical applications of their results.