Toronto Atmospheric Monitoring of Emissions (TAME): Evaluating progress and co-benefits while avoiding pitfalls on the way to net-zero

市政府控制着加拿大一半的温室气体排放，400多个加拿大市政当局承诺减少排放。政策决策基于通过会计机制产生的“自下而上”的库存，虽然库存包含关键的行业信息，但它们不能考虑未知或疏忽的排放。“自上而下”的排放量来自大气测量，是验证库存和量化总减排的关键。自下而上和自上而下的量化共同提供了最强大的政策相关信息。为了证明我们到2050年实现了净零排放，我们必须量化今天城市甲烷(CH4)和二氧化碳(CO2)的排放量，并监测它们随时间的减少，同时确定产生最重大影响的政策。多伦多大气排放监测(TAME)项目将为大多伦多地区配备大气观测站，以量化排放、验证和完善清单，并向各国政府提供及时的信息，以实施和验证排放政策的效果。这将通过测量大气中温室气体(二氧化碳和甲烷)本身的浓度以及作为这些排放源或减排来源的替代物的其他示踪剂来实现。这些示踪剂将包括空气源热泵中使用的含氟化合物，这些化合物本身就是强有力的温室气体，燃烧和标准空气污染物一氧化碳(CO)和二氧化氮(NO2)的产物，以及来自绿色指数和太阳能诱导的叶绿素荧光测量的城市植被封存信息。我们将与地方、省和联邦机构和社区合作伙伴合作，将我们的研究放在当地实践的基础上，并将它们与政策制定者联系起来。

Municipal governments control half of Canada's greenhouse gas emissions, and over 400 Canadian municipalities have committed to reducing emissions. Policy decisions are based on "bottom-up" inventories generated through accounting mechanisms, and while inventories contain crucial sectorial information, they cannot account for emissions that are unknown or inadvertent. "Top-down" emissions are derived from atmospheric measurements and are key for validating inventories and quantifying total emissions reductions. Together, bottom-up and top-down quantification provides the most powerful policy-relevant information.To demonstrate that we have achieved net-zero emissions by 2050, we must quantify urban emissions of methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) today and monitor their reductions over time, while identifying the policies that have made the most significant impacts. The Toronto Atmospheric Monitoring of Emissions (TAME) project will equip the Greater Toronto Area with atmospheric observatories to quantify emissions, validate and refine inventories, and provide timely information to governments to implement and verify the effects of emissions policies. This will be accomplished by measuring atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases (CO2 and CH4) themselves together with other tracers that serve as proxies for the sources of those emissions or emissions reductions. These tracers will include fluorinated compounds used in air source heat pumps that are themselves potent greenhouse gases, products of combustion and criteria air pollutants carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and urban vegetation sequestration information from greenness indices and solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence measurements.We will engage with local, provincial, and federal agencies and community partners to ground our studies in local practices and connect them to policymakers.