Plasmas in- and in-contact with liquids: fundamental investigations and applications in nanomaterial synthesis and liquid processing

等离子体，也被称为物质的第四态，是具有高反应性的物质的混合物。在等离子体-液体相互作用过程中，同时产生许多物理和化学现象，这使得它们在许多环境应用中引起了极大的兴趣。例如，与水接触的等离子体产生活性物质（电子、OH、O、O3、H2 O2、UV光子），其可以通过使有害污染物失活和破坏来有效地对废水进行灭菌。此外，在液体放电产生等离子体与高密度的反应物种，以及高能冲击波和空化。这些独特的性质使等离子体与液体接触并与液体接触成为环境修复、材料科学和医学领域应用的最有前途的技术。因此，毫无疑问，等离子体-液体系统将在我们未来的技术中做出巨大贡献。在这种情况下，我的目标是在未来五年内通过针对纳米材料合成和功能化，废水处理和燃料重整的应用，来阐明等离子体-液体相互作用的基本物理和化学。等离子体-液体相互作用将同时使用三种互补的配置进行研究：液体中的等离子体，与液体接触的等离子体，以及双相介质中的等离子体。简单地说，我将研究等离子体在时间和空间中的动力学，我将通过研究等离子体相，液相和等离子体-液体界面来识别产生的物种。在生产和运输方面，将优化由液相中的物理和化学引起的现象，以实现有效的液体处理。在液态等离子体的情况下，我将研究等离子体-电极相互作用，并优化工艺，以实现具有可控性能的高效纳米材料合成。还可以通过引入不连续性来提高放电效率，即，液体中的气泡或气体中的液滴。在这种情况下，等离子体动力学将作为各种参数，如气泡/液滴的大小，数量和组成的函数进行研究。非连续介质放电是一个较新的研究课题，具有很高的创新应用潜力。除了科学和技术影响外，我的研究项目还具有多学科性质，为高素质人才提供高水平的培训。这些HQP预计将获得广泛的技能和专业知识，在强烈的技术兴趣，等离子体和材料领域，学术界和高科技加拿大产业。

Plasma, also known as fourth state of matter, is a mixture of species with high reactivity. During plasma-liquid interactions, many physical and chemical phenomena are simultaneously generated, which make them of great interest in many environmental applications. For example, plasma in contact with water generates reactive species (electrons, OH, O, O3, H2O2, UV photons) that can efficiently sterilize wastewater by deactivation and destruction of harmful pollutants. Also, in-liquid discharges generate plasmas with high density of reactive species as well as energetic shock waves and cavitation. These unique properties make plasmas in- and in-contact with liquids at the top of the promising technologies for applications in the field of environmental remediation, material science, and medicine. Thus, there is no doubt that plasma-liquid systems will greatly contribute in our future technology.In this context, my aim in the next five years is to INVESTIGATE THE FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY OF PLASMA-LIQUID INTERACTIONS by targeting applications in nanomaterial synthesis and functionalization, wastewater treatment, and fuel reforming. The plasma-liquid interactions will be investigated using simultaneously three complementary configurations: PLASMAS IN-LIQUID, PLASMAS IN-CONTACT WITH LIQUID, and PLASMAS IN BIPHASIC MEDIA.Briefly, I will study the plasma dynamics in time and space, and I will identify the generated species by investigating the plasma phase, the liquid phase, and the plasma-liquid interface. Phenomena induced by physics and chemistry in liquid phase will be optimized, in terms of production and transport, to achieve efficient liquid processing. In the case of in-liquid plasma, I will investigate the plasma-electrode interaction and optimize the process to achieve efficient nanomaterial synthesis with controllable properties. The discharge efficiency could also be enhanced by introducing discontinuities, i.e., gaseous bubbles in the liquid or liquid droplets in gas. In this case, the plasma dynamics will be studied as a function of various parameters such as bubble/droplet size, number, and composition. This research topic, discharge in discontinuous media, is relatively new, and its potential for innovative applications is extremely high.In addition to its scientific and technological impact, my research program has multidisciplinary character providing high level of training to highly qualified personnel (HQP). These HQP are expected to acquire a broad set of skills and expertise in fields of strong technological interest, plasmas and materials, for both academia and high-technology Canadian industries.