Listen and Relax: Evaluating the impact of acoustic listening on biomarkers of stress as a function of stressor type and timing

在过去的二十年里，听音乐调节压力生理的效用越来越受到关注。研究表明，听音乐可以调节情绪，引起放松的感觉。因此，音乐被认为是一种非侵入性的减压方式。然而，经验验证音乐听调节人类的压力反应仍然难以捉摸。在文献中不一致的结果源于方法的局限性，包括样本特征，使用的压力诱导协议，声学选择，音乐曝光的时间。我的研究计划将阐明通过系统地操纵声学声音，时间暴露于声学声音相对于应力诱导，以及应力诱导的形式，声学听力对人类应激反应的调节作用。我的计划将解决：1）声学选择对情感、脑电波和交感神经活动的影响; 2）声学聆听对调节作为压力诱导协议的函数的压力反应的影响; 3）音乐聆听对调节作为时间的函数的压力反应的影响;以及4）在自然环境中声学聆听与压力生理学之间的关联。此外，每个目标都将包括按性别和年龄分析效应改变。其他探索性分析将考虑性别和民族-种族身份作为效应修饰因子。为了实现这些研究目标，提出了三项研究。第一项研究（n=310）将采用5种声学条件的受试者间随机设计，以检查声学选择对应激生理指标的影响。第二项研究（n=240）将使用混合因子交叉设计解决目标2和3，以检查声学听音对压力的影响，作为声学计时和压力诱导方案的函数。最终研究（n=300）将在考试期间对学生样本进行随机受试者间现场实验。除了促进HQP的发展，拟议的计划将显着进一步我们在心理学和神经科学领域的知识，通过阐明上下文因素，可能会通过听觉来确定压力调制，并将提供更深入的了解机制的声学声音在调制压力生理学，在考虑年龄，性别，性别和种族的多样化样本。这项研究的结果将有助于音乐应用和技术的持续发展，并将为我的团队和合作者未来的实验室和实地工作提供重要的基础工作。我在心理学和神经科学方面的多学科培训和专业知识，加上我与音乐和听觉研究科学家的合作，以及X（原瑞尔森）大学的基础设施，使我非常适合领导这个研究项目。

The utility of music listening to regulate stress physiology has gained increasing attention over the last two decades. Research shows that music listening can regulate emotion and induce feelings of relaxation. Consequently, music has been proposed as a non-invasive way to reduce stress. However, empirical validation of music listening in regulating  the human stress response remains elusive. Inconsistent findings in the literature stem from methodological limitations including sample characteristics, the stress induction protocol used, acoustic selection, and timing of music exposure. My research program will elucidate the modulatory effects of acoustic listening on the human stress response through systematic manipulation of the acoustic sound, temporal exposure to acoustic sound relative to stress induction, and the form of stress induction. My program will address: 1) The effect of acoustic selection on affect, brain waves and sympathetic activity; 2) The effect of acoustic listening on modulating the stress response as a function of stress induction protocol; 3) The effect of music listening on modulating the stress response as a function of timing ; and 4) The association between acoustic listening and stress physiology in a naturalistic setting. Furthermore, each objective will include an analysis of effect modification by sex and age. Additional exploratory analyses will consider gender and ethno-racial identity as effect modifiers. To address these study objectives, three studies are proposed. The first study (n=310) will entail a randomized within-between-subjects design with 5 acoustic conditions to examine acoustic selection on indices of stress physiology. The second study (n=240) will address objectives 2 and 3 using a mixed factorial crossover design, to examine the effect of acoustic listening on stress as a function of acoustic timing and stress induction protocol. The final study (n=300) will entail a randomized between-subjects field experiment in a sample of student during examination period. In addition to fostering the development of HQP, the proposed program will significantly further our knowledge in the fields of psychology and neuroscience by elucidating contextual factors that may determine stress modulation through acoustic listening and will provide greater insight into mechanisms of acoustic sounds in modulating stress physiology, within a diverse sample that considers age, sex, gender and ethnicity. The findings from this research will contribute to the ongoing development of music applications and technology and will provide important foundational work for future lab and field work by my team and collaborators. My multidisciplinary training and expertise in psychology and neuroscience, coupled with my collaborative work with scientists in music and auditory research, and the infrastructure at X (formerly Ryerson) University, makes me highly suitable and well prepared to lead this research program.