中国沿海斑鰶谱系地理结构和本地适应性进化的群体基因组学研究

探讨物种的适应性机制是进化生态学的核心议题，而解析海洋生物谱系地理结构和本地适应性为我们提供了绝佳契机。斑鰶是我国沿海一种广布性短距离洄游鱼类，是海洋生态系统的关键种，也是研究谱系地理结构和本地适应性的理想材料。受全球气候变化和人类活动等影响，其资源量已大幅衰退，但目前有关斑鰶群体遗传学的研究相对匮乏，且本地适应性解析尚未展开，严重制约了其资源的科学开发和保护。本项目拟以中国沿海斑鰶为研究对象，利用简化基因组测序和线粒体扫描技术，结合多变量生态模型评估地理与环境尺度对种群分化的影响，从全基因组层面精确解析地理历史事件对谱系格局形成的驱动因子；并通过系统甄别受环境压力选择的位点和基因组区域，阐明其适应性进化的遗传机制，确定进化显著保护单元。研究结果对于斑鰶资源的合理保护和管理，揭示我国海洋生物群体进化的一般规律和成因以及深入了解海洋生物适应环境的遗传学机制具有重要的学术价值。

Understanding the genetics of how organisms adapt to changing environments is a fundamental topic in modern evolutionary ecology, analyzing the population genetic structure and local adaptation of marine life provides us with an excellent opportunity. The dotted gizzard shad, Konosirus punctatus, is an important fishery species inhabiting across Chinese coastal waters，which is also a very suitable material for population study in genetic structure and local adaptation. Unfortunately, the resource of K. punctatus has declined significantly, which might be owing to the climate changes and anthropogenic factors such as overfishing and seawater pollution. However, previous studies about population genetics of K. punctatus were very limited, and there was no research focusing on its local adaptation, which seriously restricted the scientific development and protection of this species. In this study, we plan to perform population genomic analyses on K. punctatus along the coast of China by scanning through the mitochondrial and nuclear genome. Multivariate ecological modeling approach will be applied to correlate the population’s divergence with the spatial environment heterogeneity, potential adaptive loci or genome regions under natural selection will be defined, and genetic mechanism of how K. punctatus populations adapt to local environments will be elucidated. We believe that the results would help to formulate scientific guidance for the management and sustainable utilization of K. punctatus resources, and provide us a better understand of the evolutionary process and adapting mechanism of marine organism.