A cross-sectional investigation of softening indicators among South African smokers: Results from the South African Social Attitudes Survey between 2007 and 2018.
A cross-sectional investigation of softening indicators among South African smokers: Results from the South African Social Attitudes Survey between 2007 and 2018.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101785
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发表时间：
2022-06
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Ayo-Yusuf, Olalekan A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egbe, Catherine O.;Kulik, Margarete C.;Londani, Mukhethwa;Ngobese, Senamile P.;Ayo-Yusuf, Olalekan A.
南非的吸烟率在过去十年中一直保持稳定。总体而言，SA吸烟者在软化指标方面没有表现出显著变化。南非迫切需要人口水平的循证戒烟干预措施。最近的研究表明，不同国家和不同人口群体的吸烟者的吸烟率有所下降，随着吸烟流行率的下降，剩余的吸烟者进行了更多的戒烟尝试，每天吸烟量减少（CPD），而不是变得更顽固。我们研究了来自南非社会态度调查（SASAS 2007-2018，N = 14，822）的五波与烟草使用相关的横截面数据。考虑到SASAS复杂的调查设计，我们对吸烟率进行了逻辑回归和线性回归，并对以下指标进行了软化：一个月内戒烟的计划，第一支烟的时间（5分钟，TTFC）和每天吸烟的香烟（CPD）。控制了调查波次、年龄、性别、种族、婚姻状况、文化程度和城乡居住地。从2007年（20.7%）到2018年（22.2%），吸烟者总人群（p = 0.197）以及吸烟者性别和种族组的吸烟率保持稳定。在调整后的模型中，CPD随着时间的推移显著下降，每年0.12支香烟。随着时间的推移，男性的TTFC也显著下降。在女性中，CPD每年显著下降0.32支。计划戒烟的亚洲人/印度人的比例也随着时间的推移而下降。南非吸烟者在软化指标方面并没有一贯表现出显着的变化。需要更强有力的烟草控制政策和更有针对性的戒烟干预措施，以大幅降低南非不同性别和其他亚群体的吸烟率。
Smoking prevalence in South Africa (SA) has been stable over the past decade. Overall, SA smokers did not show significant change in the softening indicators. Population-level evidence-based cessation interventions are urgently needed in SA. Recent studies have shown softening among smokers in different countries and in different population groups i.e., as smoking prevalence declined remaining smokers made more quit attempts and smoked fewer cigarettes per day (CPD), as opposed to hardening. We examined tobacco use-related cross-sectional data from five waves of the South African Social Attitudes Survey (SASAS 2007–2018, N = 14,822). Accounting for the SASAS’s complex survey design, we ran logistic and linear regressions for smoking prevalence, and for the following indicators of softening: plans to quit smoking within a month, time to first cigarette (5 min, TTFC) and cigarettes smoked per day (CPD). We controlled for survey wave, age, sex, race, marital status, educational level and urban/rural residence. Smoking prevalence remained stable from 2007 (20.7%) to 2018 (22.2%) in the overall population of smokers (p = 0.197), and within sex and race group of smokers. In the adjusted model, there was a significant decline in CPD over time, 0.12 cigarettes per year. There was also a significant decrease in TTFC among males over time. Among women, CPD declined significantly by 0.32 cigarettes per year. The proportion of Asians/Indians planning to quit also decreased over time. South African smokers do not consistently show significant change in the softening indicators overall. Stronger tobacco control policies and better-tailored smoking cessation interventions are needed to achieve a significant decrease in smoking prevalence across sex and other subpopulations in South Africa.
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