Economic costs of childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries.
Economic costs of childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1289/ehp.1206424
复制
发表时间：
2013-09
影响因子：
10.4
通讯作者：
Trasande L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Attina TM;Trasande L
背景：儿童血铅水平在世界范围内有所下降，特别是在汽油中的铅被去除后。然而，风险仍然很大，特别是在低收入和中等收入国家。迄今为止，尚未对发展中国家儿童接触铅的相关成本进行全球估算。目的：我们的主要目的是估计低收入和中等收入国家儿童铅暴露的经济成本。研究方法：我们开发了一个回归模型来估计我们感兴趣的人群中的平均血铅水平，以每个1岁队列的< 5岁儿童为代表。我们使用了一个环境可归因的分数模型来估计铅可归因的经济成本，并将我们的分析限制在铅对神经发育的影响上，评估为智商分数的下降。我们的主要结果是由于儿童早期暴露而导致的终生经济生产力损失。结果如下：我们估计低收入和中等收入国家的总成本为9770亿美元，非洲的经济损失相当于1347亿美元[占国内生产总值（GDP）的4.03%]，拉丁美洲和加勒比地区为1423亿美元（占GDP的2.04%），亚洲为6999亿美元（占GDP的1.88%）。我们的敏感性分析表明，经济损失总额在7286亿至11625亿美元之间。结论：我们估计，在低收入和中等收入国家，与儿童铅暴露相关的负担相当于2011年世界GDP的1.20%。相比之下，在美国和欧洲，可归因于铅的经济成本估计分别为509亿美元和550亿美元，这表明低收入和中等收入国家现在承担了铅暴露的最大负担。引文：Attina TM，Trasande L. 2013.低收入和中等收入国家儿童铅暴露的经济成本。环境健康展望121：1097-1102; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206424
Background: Children’s blood lead levels have declined worldwide, especially after the removal of lead in gasoline. However, significant exposure remains, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. To date, there have been no global estimates of the costs related to lead exposure in children in developing countries. Objective: Our main aim was to estimate the economic costs attributable to childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries. Methods: We developed a regression model to estimate mean blood lead levels in our population of interest, represented by each 1-year cohort of children < 5 years of age. We used an environmentally attributable fraction model to estimate lead-attributable economic costs and limited our analysis to the neurodevelopmental impacts of lead, assessed as decrements in IQ points. Our main outcome was lost lifetime economic productivity due to early childhood exposure. Results: We estimated a total cost of $977 billions of international dollars in low- and middle-income countries, with economic losses equal to $134.7 billion in Africa [4.03% of gross domestic product (GDP)], $142.3 billion in Latin America and the Caribbean (2.04% of GDP), and $699.9 billion in Asia (1.88% of GDP). Our sensitivity analysis indicates a total economic loss in the range of $728.6–1162.5 billion. Conclusions: We estimated that, in low- and middle-income countries, the burden associated with childhood lead exposure amounts to 1.20% of world GDP in 2011. For comparison, in the United States and Europe lead-attributable economic costs have been estimated at $50.9 and $55 billion, respectively, suggesting that the largest burden of lead exposure is now borne by low- and middle-income countries. Citation: Attina TM, Trasande L. 2013. Economic costs of childhood lead exposure in low- and middle-income countries. Environ Health Perspect 121:1097–1102; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206424
登录
查看更多内容
法国儿童铅暴露：铅危害控制的效益估计和部分成本效益分析。
DOI：
10.1186/1476-069x-10-44
发表时间：
2011-05-20
期刊：
Environmental health : a global access science source
影响因子：
--
作者：
Pichery C;Bellanger M;Zmirou-Navier D;Glorennec P;Hartemann P;Grandjean P
通讯作者：
Grandjean P
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Nevin, Rick;Jacobs, David E.;Cohen, Jonathan
通讯作者：
Cohen, Jonathan
对儿童铅暴露最敏感的年龄：一种新的统计方法。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Hornung, Richard W.;Lanphear, Bruce P.;Dietrich, Kim N.
通讯作者：
Dietrich, Kim N.
影响因子：
8.3
作者：
Salkever, DS
通讯作者：
Salkever, DS
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Dooyema CA;Neri A;Lo YC;Durant J;Dargan PI;Swarthout T;Biya O;Gidado SO;Haladu S;Sani-Gwarzo N;Nguku PM;Akpan H;Idris S;Bashir AM;Brown MJ
通讯作者：
Brown MJ