Integrating evolutionary and molecular genetics of aging.
Integrating evolutionary and molecular genetics of aging.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbagen.2009.07.010
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发表时间：
2009-10
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Schmidt, Paul S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flatt, Thomas;Schmidt, Paul S.
衰老或衰老是生理功能的年龄依赖性下降，在人口统计学上表现为随着年龄的增加而降低的存活率和繁殖力。既然衰老是不利的，它就不应该通过自然选择进化。为什么生物会衰老和死亡？在20世纪40年代和50年代，进化遗传学家解决了这个悖论，他们假设衰老的进化是因为选择在维持生命后期的功能方面效率低下。到了20世纪80年代和90年代，这种衰老的进化理论得到了坚定的实证支持，但对衰老的机制知之甚少。大约在同一时间，生物学家开始将分子遗传学的工具应用于衰老，并成功地识别出影响寿命的突变。今天，衰老的分子遗传学是一个新兴的领域，但衰老的进化遗传学的进展在很大程度上停滞不前。在这里，我们认为，一些最令人兴奋的和未解决的问题老化需要整合的分子和进化的方法。衰老是一个普遍的过程吗？为什么物种衰老的速度不同？衰老的机制是保守的还是谱系特异的？在实验室中鉴定的长寿基因是否在自然种群中进行选择？衰老对环境线索的可塑性的遗传基础是什么？这种可塑性是适应性的吗？早期健康特征和寿命之间的权衡机制是什么？为了回答这些问题，进化生物学家必须采用分子生物学的工具，而分子生物学家必须将他们的实验纳入进化框架。综合分子生物学和衰老的进化生物学的时机已经成熟。
Aging or senescence is an age-dependent decline in physiological function, demographically manifest as decreased survival and fecundity with increasing age. Since aging is disadvantageous it should not evolve by natural selection. So why do organisms age and die? In the 1940’s and 1950’s evolutionary geneticists resolved this paradox by positing that aging evolves because selection is inefficient at maintaining function late in life. By the 1980’s and 1990’s this evolutionary theory of aging had received firm empirical support, but little was known about the mechanisms of aging. Around the same time biologists began to apply the tools of molecular genetics to aging and successfully identified mutations that affect longevity. Today, the molecular genetics of aging is a burgeoning field, but progress in evolutionary genetics of aging has largely stalled. Here we argue that some of the most exciting and unresolved questions about aging require an integration of molecular and evolutionary approaches. Is aging a universal process? Why do species age at different rates? Are the mechanisms of aging conserved or lineage-specific? Are longevity genes identified in the laboratory under selection in natural populations? What is the genetic basis of plasticity in aging in response to environmental cues and is this plasticity adaptive? What are the mechanisms underlying trade-offs between early fitness traits and life span? To answer these questions evolutionary biologists must adopt the tools of molecular biology, while molecular biologists must put their experiments into an evolutionary framework. The time is ripe for a synthesis of molecular biogerontology and the evolutionary biology of aging.
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影响因子：
2
作者：
Charlesworth, B
通讯作者：
Charlesworth, B
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Barnes, AI;Partridge, L
通讯作者：
Partridge, L
影响因子：
56.9
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
4.5
作者：
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通讯作者：
Antebi A
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.93.12.6140
发表时间：
1996-06-11
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Charlesworth, B;Hughes, KA
通讯作者：
Hughes, KA