Sensitivity of Estuaries to Compound Flooding

Sensitivity of Estuaries to Compound Flooding
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河口对复合驱的敏感性

DOI:
10.1007/s12237-021-00996-1
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发表时间:
2021
影响因子:
2.7
通讯作者:
Harrison L
Harrison L
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Harrison L

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河流和涌潮极端可能同时发生,导致河口复合洪水泛滥,大大加剧了危险。随着这些驱动因素的频率、阶段和/或强度发生变化,这种洪水风险在未来有可能增加。进一步了解极端河流流量和涌潮如何相互作用,将有助于为未来的洪水缓解方法提供信息。因此,在本文中,我们第一次解决河口内的河流和涌潮极端的敏感性,两个对比英国河口(亨伯和Dyfi)。使用二维流体动力学模型以超空间分辨率(< 50米)进行的模型模拟预测了复合洪水灾害,其依据是:(1)当今极端事件(有记录以来最严重的);(2)当今极端事件,其驱动因素的时间发生了变化,以使洪水最大化;以及(3)代表预计气候变化的修改驱动因素。我们发现,在一个小河口,短时间,高强度的河流输入(Dyfi),洪水范围是敏感的河流和涌潮驱动程序的相对时间。相比之下,这些驱动程序的相对时间并没有影响洪水在一个较大的河口与较慢的河流响应降雨(亨伯)。在亨伯,极端的河流输入在复合灾害实际上减少了最大水深外河口相比,一个浪涌潮的唯一事件。预计到2100年,这些驱动因素的未来变化将增加复合洪水危害:模拟海平面上升情景预测两个河口将发生大量和广泛的洪水。然而,预计的涌潮增加表现出与相同幅度的海平面上升不同的行为,导致更大的海水涌入和更多的洪水。增加的河流流量是河口洪水最弱的驱动力。在本文中,我们将展示这些相互作用是如何复杂的,以及如何在不同的河口和河口内的网站之间的流体动力学变化很大,很难概括,使用概率或使用1D的方法来评估复合洪水的危害。因此,我们贡献了新的知识和方法,用于防洪减灾战略的流域对海岸的影响建模。
Fluvial and surge-tide extremes can occur synchronously resulting in compound flooding in estuaries, greatly intensifying the hazard. This flood risk has the potential to increase in the future as the frequency, phasing and/or intensity of these drivers change. Improved understanding of how extreme fluvial discharge and surge-tides interact will help inform future flood mitigation methodology. In this paper, therefore, we resolve for the first time intra-estuary sensitivities to fluvial and surge-tide extremes, for two contrasting UK estuaries (Humber and Dyfi). Model simulations at hyper-spatial resolution (< 50 m) using a 2D hydrodynamic model predicted compound flooding hazards based on: (1) present-day extreme events (worst on record); (2) present-day extreme events with shifted timings of the drivers to maximise flooding; and (3) modified drivers representing projected climate change. We found that in a small estuary with short-duration, high-intensity fluvial inputs (Dyfi), flood extent is sensitive to the relative timing of the fluvial and surge-tide drivers. In contrast, the relative timing of these drivers did not affect flooding in a larger estuary with a slower fluvial response to rainfall (Humber). In the Humber, extreme fluvial inputs during a compound hazard actually reduced maximum water depths in the outer estuary, compared with a surge-tide-only event. Projected future changes in these drivers by 2100 will increase compound flooding hazards: simulated sea-level rise scenarios predicted substantial and widespread flooding in both estuaries. However, projected increases in surge-tide behaved differently to sea-level rise of the same magnitude, resulting in a greater seawater influx and more flooding. Increased fluvial volumes were the weakest driver of estuarine flooding. In this paper we show how these interactions are complex and how the hydrodynamics vary considerably between different estuaries and sites within estuaries, making it difficult to generalise, use probabilistic or use 1D approaches for assessing compound flooding hazards. Hence, we contribute new knowledge and methods for catchment-to-coast impact modelling used for flood mitigation strategies.
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DOI: 10.1007/s10236-018-01245-z
发表时间: 2019
期刊: Ocean Dynamics
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DOI: --
发表时间: 2018
期刊: Natural Hazards
影响因子: 3.7
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