Phylogenetic substitution models for detecting heterotachy during plastid evolution.

Phylogenetic substitution models for detecting heterotachy during plastid evolution.
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用于检测质体进化过程中异速性的系统发育替代模型。

DOI:
10.1093/molbev/msq215
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发表时间:
2011
影响因子:
10.7
通讯作者:
Whelan S
Whelan S
中科院分区:
生物学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Whelan S

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有广泛的证据表明,在蛋白质进化过程中,谱系特异性速率变异(称为异速)。作用于蛋白质的结构和功能限制的变化可能导致异速,并且这种变化(称为协变位移)可能会同时影响许多氨基酸,这似乎是合理的。先前对异速性建模的几次尝试都使用了共变模型,其中序列经历共变漂移,从而每个位点可以在一组具有不同取代率的离散类别之间独立切换。然而,这种独立的转换可能无法捕获生物学上重要的事件,其中作用于蛋白质的选择性力同时影响许多位点。我们描述了一类新的模型,允许系统发育树的分支之间的替代率和转换率发生变化。此类模型能够更好地处理协变变化。我们将这些模型应用于非光合细菌、蓝藻以及绿藻和红藻质体中出现的一组基因。我们发现 4/5 的基因显示出某种形式的速率转换的证据,而 3/5 的基因显示出分类组之间相对转换率不同的证据。我们的结论是,在质体基因的深层进化过程中,共变变化可能很频繁,并且我们的方法可能为研究其他系统中的此类变化提供强大的新工具。
There is widespread evidence of lineage-specific rate variation, known as heterotachy, during protein evolution. Changes in the structural and functional constraints acting on a protein can lead to heterotachy, and it is plausible that such changes, known as covarion shifts, may affect many amino acids at once. Several previous attempts to model heterotachy have used covarion models, where the sequence undergoes covarion drift, whereby each site may switch independently among a set of discrete classes having different substitution rates. However, such independent switching may not capture biologically important events where the selective forces acting on a protein affect many sites at once. We describe a new class of models that allow the rates of substitution and switching to vary among branches of a phylogenetic tree. Such models are better able to handle covarion shifts. We apply these models to a set of genes occurring in nonphotosynthetic bacteria, cyanobacteria, and the plastids of green and red algae. We find that 4/5 genes show evidence of some form of rate switching and that 3/5 genes show evidence that the relative switching rate differs among taxonomic groups. We conclude that covarion shifts may be frequent during the deep evolution of plastid genes and that our methodology may provide a powerful new tool for investigating such shifts in other systems.
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