Preference for high status predicts implicit outgroup bias among children from low-status groups.
Preference for high status predicts implicit outgroup bias among children from low-status groups.
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DOI：
10.1037/a0035054
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发表时间：
2014-04
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Olson KR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Newheiser AK;Dunham Y;Merrill A;Hoosain L;Olson KR
隐性衡量态度时，地位高的种族群体的成员会表现出内群体偏好，而地位低的种族群体的成员（无论是成人还是儿童）通常不会表现出偏见，这可能反映了对内群体地位低下的认识。我们假设，当地位差异特别明显时，来自低地位群体的儿童会表现出隐性的外群体偏见，其强度可能与对地位的态度有关。我们在来自南非的 6-11 岁黑人和有色人种（即多种族）儿童中测试了这些预测，南非是一个种族群体之间存在极端地位差异的国家。作为隐性群体间偏见的衡量标准，儿童 (N=78) 完成了隐性关联测试，这是一项快速分类任务，用于评估两个目标群体（在本研究中，白人与黑人或白人与有色人种）之间关联的相对强度以及积极与消极评价。儿童还完成了对种族群体以及富人和穷人的态度的明确（即自我报告）测量（对地位的态度的测量）。两组儿童都表现出隐含的外群体偏好（即亲白人）偏见，这表明儿童对地位差异的程度很敏感。唯一没有出现隐性亲白人偏见的例子是黑人儿童对白人与有色人种这两个地位较高的外群体的评价。对高地位的明确偏好预示着隐含的亲白人偏见，特别是当 IAT 与两个外群体进行对比时。讨论了地位对隐性和显性群体间偏见发展的影响。
Whereas members of high-status racial groups show ingroup preference when attitudes are measured implicitly, members of low-status racial groups – both adults and children – typically show no bias, potentially reflecting awareness of the ingroup’s low status. We hypothesized that when status differences are especially pronounced, children from low-status groups would show an implicit outgroup bias, the strength of which might relate to attitudes toward status. We tested these predictions among 6–11-year-old Black and Coloured (i.e., multiracial) children from South Africa, a country marked by extreme status differentials among racial groups. As a measure of implicit intergroup bias, children (N=78) completed an Implicit Association Test, a speeded categorization task that assesses the relative strength of association between two target groups (in the present study, either Whites vs. Blacks or Whites vs. Coloureds) and positive versus negative evaluation. Children also completed explicit (i.e., self-report) measures of attitudes toward racial groups, as well as rich and poor people (a measure of attitudes toward status). Both groups of children showed an implicit outgroup-favoring (i.e., pro-White) bias, suggesting that children were sensitive to the extent of status differences. The only instance in which implicit pro-White bias did not emerge involved Black children’s evaluations of Whites versus Coloureds, both higher-status outgroups. Explicit preference for high status predicted implicit pro-White bias, particularly when the IAT contrasted two outgroups. The impact of status on the development of implicit and explicit intergroup bias is discussed.
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影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Olson KR;Shutts K;Kinzler KD;Weisman KG
通讯作者：
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作者：
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