Predictive model for vehicle air exchange rates based on a large, representative sample.
Predictive model for vehicle air exchange rates based on a large, representative sample.
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DOI：
10.1021/es103897u
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发表时间：
2011-04-15
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Defino, Ralph J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fruin, Scott A.;Hudda, Neelakshi;Sioutas, Constantinos;Defino, Ralph J.
车内微环境是暴露于交通相关污染物，特别是超细颗粒物的重要途径。然而，当窗户关闭且空气再循环时，在低空气交换率（AER）的条件下可能发生显著的颗粒损失。对于较新的车辆和较低的速度，AER较低。尽管AER在影响车内颗粒物暴露方面很重要，但很少有研究描述AER的特征，而且所有研究都只测试了少量汽车。其中一个原因是用示踪气体如SF6测量AER的困难，这是最常用的方法。我们开发了一种简单而准确的方法来确定AER，使用居住者自己产生的CO2，一种方便测量的化合物。通过测量初始CO2积聚速率和在固定速度下CO2的平衡值，计算了代表加州车队的59辆汽车的AER。AER测量值与进行的最大的其他研究（R2=0.83）相关并一致。多变量模型仅使用年龄，里程，制造商和速度捕获了观察到的AER的70%的可变性。这些结果将有助于暴露和流行病学研究，因为所有的模型变量值很容易通过问卷获得。
The in-vehicle microenvironment is an important route of exposure to traffic-related pollutants, particularly ultrafine particles. However, significant particle losses can occur under conditions of low air exchange rate (AER) when windows are closed and air is recirculating. AERs are lower for newer vehicles and at lower speeds. Despite the importance of AER in affecting in-vehicle particle exposures, few studies have characterized AER and all have tested only a small number of cars. One reason for this is the difficulty in measuring AER with tracer gases such as SF6 the most common method. We developed a simplified yet accurate method for determining AER using the occupants’ own production of CO2 a convenient compound to measure. By measuring initial CO2 build-up rates and equilibrium values of CO2 at fixed speeds, AER was calculated for 59 vehicles representative of California’s fleet. AER measurements correlated and agreed well with the largest other study conducted (R2=0.83). Multi-variable models captured 70% of the variability in observed AER using only age, mileage, manufacturer and speed. These results will be useful to exposure and epidemiological studies since all model variable values are easily obtainable through questionnaire.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Knibbs, Luke D.;de Dear, Richard J.;Morawska, Lidia
通讯作者：
Morawska, Lidia
大气超细颗粒（UFP）的暴露评估及其在流行病学研究中的影响。
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
通讯作者：
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
CHAN, CC;OZKAYNAK, H;SHELDON, L
通讯作者：
SHELDON, L
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
LIANG, KY;ZEGER, SL
通讯作者：
ZEGER, SL
DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500165
发表时间：
2001-05-01
期刊：
JOURNAL OF EXPOSURE ANALYSIS AND ENVIRONMENTAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
影响因子：
--
作者：
Klepeis, NE;Nelson, WC;Engelmann, WH
通讯作者：
Engelmann, WH