RECENT SYNTHETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ULLMANN REACTION. A REVIEW.
RECENT SYNTHETIC DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF THE ULLMANN REACTION. A REVIEW.
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DOI：
10.1080/00304948.2013.816208
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发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
1.5
通讯作者：
Sun D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lin H;Sun D
上一个世纪是过渡金属催化反应的化学发展的激动人心的时代，1-3，其中，钯、4-6、钌、7-10和铑11、12等的化学在有机界引起了相当大的关注。例如，钯催化的碳-碳（CC）和碳-杂原子（CX）键的形成已广泛用于合成复杂的天然产物、13生物活性分子、14和有机材料。15-17相反，铜金属的使用似乎落后于这一领域的发展趋势，尽管铜催化的CC、CO和CN键的形成属于最古老的反应之一，即乌尔曼反应。乌尔曼和戈德堡的开创性工作构成了现代铜介导化学的基础（表1）。早在1901年，Ullmann就报道了第一个铜介导的偶联反应，其中两个芳基碘通过消耗一当量的铜而偶联形成联芳基产物。后来，Ullmann和Goldberg发现铜可以用于形成芳基CN 19，20和CO 21键。在1929年，Hurtley发现二酮和丙二酸酯可以在催化铜青铜或乙酸铜和钠作为碱的存在下与邻溴苯甲酸偶联。但是通常苛刻的条件（> 200 ℃），高铜催化剂负载和差的官能团耐受性限制了Ullmann和Ullmann型反应的应用。
The last century represents an exciting era for the chemical evolution of transition-metal catalyzed reactions, 1–3 and among these, the chemistry of palladium, 4–6 ruthenium, 7–10 and rhodium11, 12 etc. has attracted considerable attention in the organic community. For example, the palladium-catalyzed carbon-carbon (CC) and carbon-heteroatom (CX) bond formations have been widely used in the synthesis of complex natural products, 13 bioactive molecules, 14 and organic materials. 15–17 In contrast, the use of copper metal seemed to lag behind the trend of development in this area, though the copper-catalyzed CC, CO, and CN bond formations belong to one of the oldest reactions, namely the Ullmann reaction.The pioneering works of Ullmann and Goldberg form the basis of modern coppermediated chemistry (Table 1). As early as 1901, Ullmann reported the first copper-mediated coupling reaction, 18 in which two aryl iodides were coupled to form the biaryl product by consuming one equivalent of Cu. Later, both Ullmann and Goldberg found that copper could be used in the formation of aryl CN 19, 20 and CO 21 bonds. In 1929, Hurtley22 found that diketones and malonates could be coupled with o-bromobenzoic acid in the presence of catalytic copper-bronze or copper acetate and sodium, as the base. But the generally harsh conditions (> 200◦ C), high copper catalyst loading, and poor functional group tolerance had limited the applications of Ullmann and Ullmann-type reactions, since they were discovered.
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影响因子：
5.2
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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