The functional relevance of olfactory marker protein in the vertebrate olfactory system: a never-ending story.
The functional relevance of olfactory marker protein in the vertebrate olfactory system: a never-ending story.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00441-020-03349-9
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Reisert J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dibattista M;Al Koborssy D;Genovese F;Reisert J
嗅觉标记蛋白（Olfactory marker protein， OMP）最初被描述为在鼻腔嗅觉受体神经元（Olfactory receptor neurons, orn）中表达的一种蛋白。特别是，OMP，一种小的细胞质蛋白，标志着成熟的orn，也表达在其他鼻化学感觉系统的神经元中：矢状鼻器官、Masera的间隔器官和Grueneberg神经节。虽然OMP的表达模式较容易建立，但其功能相对模糊。迄今为止，大多数了解OMP作用的工作都是在缺乏OMP的小鼠身上完成的。这项主要是现象学的工作表明，OMP参与了增强嗅球的气味反应谱和加快嗅球的气味反应动力学，并有助于将嗅球轴突靶向到肾小球反应图。越来越多的证据表明，OMP通过调节嗅觉转导的第二信使cAMP的动力学，在嗅觉转导的早期阶段起作用。然而，这是如何在机制水平上发生的尚不清楚，它也可能不是在缺乏OMP的小鼠中观察到的所有变化的唯一机制。最近，OMP已经在鼻子外被检测到，包括大脑和其他器官。尽管对于OMP在鼻腔和鼻外表达之间的潜在共性还没有明显的逻辑，但对不同细胞系统的更广泛的研究可能有助于揭示OMP在鼻内外的功能和作用机制。
Olfactory marker protein (OMP) was first described as a protein expressed in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the nasal cavity. In particular, OMP, a small cytoplasmic protein, marks mature ORNs and is also expressed in the neurons of other nasal chemosensory systems: the vomeronasal organ, the septal organ of Masera, and the Grueneberg ganglion. While its expression pattern was more easily established, OMP’s function remained relatively vague. To date, most of the work to understand OMP’s role has been done using mice lacking OMP. This mostly phenomenological work has shown that OMP is involved in sharpening the odorant response profile and in quickening odorant response kinetics of ORNs and that it contributes to targeting of ORN axons to the olfactory bulb to refine the glomerular response map. Increasing evidence shows that OMP acts at the early stages of olfactory transduction by modulating the kinetics of cAMP, the second messenger of olfactory transduction. However, how this occurs at a mechanistic level is not understood, and it might also not be the only mechanism underlying all the changes observed in mice lacking OMP. Recently, OMP has been detected outside the nose, including the brain and other organs. Although no obvious logic has become apparent regarding the underlying commonality between nasal and extranasal expression of OMP, a broader approach to diverse cellular systems might help unravel OMP’s functions and mechanisms of action inside and outside the nose.
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