Biology and function of exo-polysaccharides from human fungal pathogens.

Biology and function of exo-polysaccharides from human fungal pathogens.
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DOI:
10.1007/s40588-020-00137-5
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发表时间:
2020-03
影响因子:
5.2
通讯作者:
Brown JCS
Brown JCS
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Chung KY;Brown JCS

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环境真菌,如新型隐球菌和烟曲霉,在从其环境生态位过渡到人类肺部和其他器官的过程中,必须在许多不同和不断变化的环境中生存。真菌改变它们的细胞表面和分泌的大分子来响应和操纵它们的环境。本文主要介绍胞外多糖,即转运出细胞并扩散到局部环境中的糖链。新生隐孢子菌和烟曲霉菌的胞外多糖主要是葡萄糖醛酸木甘露聚糖(GXM)和半乳糖氨基半乳聚糖(GAG),它们分别在生长介质和感染患者体内高浓度积累。本文讨论了GXM和GAG的合成和输出、免疫调节特性及其在生物被膜形成中的作用。我们还提出了未来研究的领域,以解决该领域的悬而未决的问题,从而促进新的疾病治疗方法的开发。
Environmental fungi such as Cryptococcus neoformans and Aspergillus fumigatus must survive many different and changing environments as they transition from their environmental niches to human lungs and other organs. Fungi alter their cell surfaces and secreted macromolecules to respond to and manipulate their surroundings. This review focuses on exo-polysaccharides, chains of sugars that transported out of the cell and spread to the local environment. Major exo-polysaccharides for C. neoformans and A. fumigatus are glucuronylxylomannan (GXM) and galactosaminogalactan (GAG), respectively, which accumulate at high concentrations in growth medium and infected patients Here we discuss GXM and GAG synthesis and export, their immunomodulatory properties, and their roles in biofilm formation. We also propose areas of future research to address outstanding questions in the field that could facilitate development of new disease treatments.
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