Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders.

Oxidative stress and neurodegenerative disorders.
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DOI:
10.3390/ijms141224438
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发表时间:
2013-12-16
影响因子:
5.6
通讯作者:
Ghanbari HA
Ghanbari HA
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Li J;O W;Li W;Jiang ZG;Ghanbari HA

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活细胞在能量代谢过程中通过呼吸链不断产生活性氧(ROS)。低浓度或中等浓度的ROS可发挥重要的生理作用。然而,在氧化应激下过量的ROS将是极其有害的。中枢神经系统(CNS)由于其高耗氧量、弱抗氧化系统和神经元的终末分化特征而特别容易受到氧化应激的影响。因此,氧化应激诱发各种神经退行性疾病。此外,化疗可导致对癌症患者的CNS和外周神经系统(PNS)的严重副作用,并且越来越多的证据表明ROS也参与药物诱导的神经毒性。因此,开发抗氧化剂作为神经保护药物是临床治疗的潜在有益策略。在这篇综述中,我们总结了活性氧的来源、平衡维持和生理功能、氧化应激及其在许多神经退行性疾病中的毒性机制,以及活性氧可能参与化疗诱导的中枢神经系统和外周神经系统毒性。我们最终评估了抗氧化剂作为神经保护药物的价值,并对未满足的需求提出了我们的意见。
Living cells continually generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) through the respiratory chain during energetic metabolism. ROS at low or moderate concentration can play important physiological roles. However, an excessive amount of ROS under oxidative stress would be extremely deleterious. The central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress due to its high oxygen consumption, weakly antioxidative systems and the terminal-differentiation characteristic of neurons. Thus, oxidative stress elicits various neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, chemotherapy could result in severe side effects on the CNS and peripheral nervous system (PNS) of cancer patients, and a growing body of evidence demonstrates the involvement of ROS in drug-induced neurotoxicities as well. Therefore, development of antioxidants as neuroprotective drugs is a potentially beneficial strategy for clinical therapy. In this review, we summarize the source, balance maintenance and physiologic functions of ROS, oxidative stress and its toxic mechanisms underlying a number of neurodegenerative diseases, and the possible involvement of ROS in chemotherapy-induced toxicity to the CNS and PNS. We ultimately assess the value for antioxidants as neuroprotective drugs and provide our comments on the unmet needs.
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