Honey bee Apis mellifera parasites in the absence of Nosema ceranae fungi and Varroa destructor mites.
Honey bee Apis mellifera parasites in the absence of Nosema ceranae fungi and Varroa destructor mites.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0098599
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Williams GR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shutler D;Head K;Burgher-MacLellan KL;Colwell MJ;Levitt AL;Ostiguy N;Williams GR
世界上很少有西方蜜蜂（Apis mellifera）的殖民地没有入侵寄生虫Nosema cerebral（真菌）和Varroa destructor（螨）。特别有害的是V. destructor;除了以宿主血淋巴为食外，这些螨是几种病毒的重要载体，这些病毒进一步被认为是导致世界各地蜜蜂死亡的因素。因此，在没有V. destructor的情况下，病毒群落的地理学和伴随的后果是非常有趣的。加拿大纽芬兰和拉布拉多省纽芬兰岛没有V. destructor;没有N.目前还没有得到证实。在55个纽芬兰殖民地目视检查其强度和六种疾病的迹象，只有K翼的患病率超过5%（40/55殖民地= 72.7%）。 与早期的研究类似，筛查再次证实了没有V. destructor，小蜂巢甲虫Aethina tumida（Murray），气管螨Acarapis woodi（Rennie）和Tropilaelaps spp。体外寄生螨在对23个菌落进行病毒分子筛选的子集中，没有一个菌落有以色列急性麻痹病毒、克什米尔蜜蜂病毒或囊状幼虫病毒。23个菌落中有16个（70.0%）为黑女王细胞病毒阳性，21个（91.3%）有变形翅病毒的证据。没有N。在55个菌落的分子筛选中检测到了cerebral，尽管可能存在极低强度的感染; 53个菌落检出API，检出率为96.4%。在这些条件下，K翼与菌落强度呈正相关; API没有。黑皇后细胞病毒与K翼病毒和畸形翼病毒分别呈显著正相关和负相关。因此，纽芬兰的蜜蜂群没有几种入侵的寄生虫，这些寄生虫困扰着世界其他地区的蜜蜂，它们提供了一个独特的研究竞技场来研究寄生虫的独立病理学。
Few areas of the world have western honey bee (Apis mellifera) colonies that are free of invasive parasites Nosema ceranae (fungi) and Varroa destructor (mites). Particularly detrimental is V. destructor; in addition to feeding on host haemolymph, these mites are important vectors of several viruses that are further implicated as contributors to honey bee mortality around the world. Thus, the biogeography and attendant consequences of viral communities in the absence of V. destructor are of significant interest. The island of Newfoundland, Province of Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, is free of V. destructor; the absence of N. ceranae has not been confirmed. Of 55 Newfoundland colonies inspected visually for their strength and six signs of disease, only K-wing had prevalence above 5% (40/55 colonies = 72.7%). Similar to an earlier study, screenings again confirmed the absence of V. destructor, small hive beetles Aethina tumida (Murray), tracheal mites Acarapis woodi (Rennie), and Tropilaelaps spp. ectoparasitic mites. Of a subset of 23 colonies screened molecularly for viruses, none had Israeli acute paralysis virus, Kashmir bee virus, or sacbrood virus. Sixteen of 23 colonies (70.0%) were positive for black queen cell virus, and 21 (91.3%) had some evidence for deformed wing virus. No N. ceranae was detected in molecular screens of 55 colonies, although it is possible extremely low intensity infections exist; the more familiar N. apis was found in 53 colonies (96.4%). Under these conditions, K-wing was associated (positively) with colony strength; however, viruses and N. apis were not. Furthermore, black queen cell virus was positively and negatively associated with K-wing and deformed wing virus, respectively. Newfoundland honey bee colonies are thus free of several invasive parasites that plague operations in other parts of the world, and they provide a unique research arena to study independent pathology of the parasites that are present.
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