Regional and seasonal variations in household and personal exposures to air pollution in one urban and two rural Chinese communities: A pilot study to collect time-resolved data using static and wearable devices.
Regional and seasonal variations in household and personal exposures to air pollution in one urban and two rural Chinese communities: A pilot study to collect time-resolved data using static and wearable devices.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2020.106217
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发表时间：
2021-01
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
CKB-Air Collaborative Group
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chan KH;Xia X;Ho KF;Guo Y;Kurmi OP;Du H;Bennett DA;Bian Z;Kan H;McDonnell J;Schmidt D;Kerosi R;Li L;Lam KBH;Chen Z;CKB-Air Collaborative Group
在温暖和凉爽的季节，在三个研究地点的个人、厨房、起居室和环境监测仪中记录的细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度(微克/立方米)的平均24小时变化。我们收集了477名中国成年人的详细燃料使用、时间活动和空气污染数据。固体燃料和清洁燃料的混合在农村地区用于烹饪或取暖是很常见的。给出了个人、家庭和周围环境中PM2.5的实时数据。使用固体燃料的农村地区的PM2.5水平是城市地区的2-3倍。在凉爽的季节，个人、家庭和环境中的PM2.5水平要高出2-3倍。以前关于环境和家庭空气污染(AAP/HAP)对健康影响的研究主要依赖于自我报告和/或基于地址的暴露建模数据。我们评估了在不同环境和季节收集和整合详细的个人暴露数据的可行性。根据之前报道的燃料使用模式，我们从中国嘉道理生物库的三个研究区(两个农村[甘肃/河南]和一个城市[苏州])招募了477名参与者(平均年龄58岁，72%是女性)。使用时间分辨监测仪(PATS+CO)连续120小时测量温暖季节(2017年5月至9月)和凉爽季节(2017年11月至2018年1月)个人和家庭(厨房和客厅)的细颗粒物(PM2.5)浓度，以及关于参与者特征(如社会人口统计和燃料使用)和时间活动(48小时)的问卷。使用定期校准的设备对颗粒物(PM1、PM2.5和PM10)和气态污染物(CO、臭氧、氮氧化物)进行了平行的当地环境监测。空气污染暴露数据按研究地点和季节进行比较。总体而言，76%的人(普通厨师)至少每周做饭一次，48%的人(城市1%，农村65%)使用固体燃料(木材/煤)做饭。冬季取暖在农村地区比在城市地区更常见(74-91%对17%)，主要使用固体燃料。在农村地区，混合使用清洁和固体燃料做饭很常见(38%)，但不用于取暖(0%)。总体而言，测得的PM2.5平均水平在凉爽的季节比温暖的季节高2-3倍，在农村(例如厨房：甘肃暖季=142.3微克/立方米；甘苏尔季节=508.1微克/立方米；河南暖季=677.5微克/立方米；河南凉爽季节=222.3微克/立方米)比城市(苏州暖季=41.6微克/立方米；苏州凉季=81.6微克/立方米)高2-3倍。厨房的空气污染水平最高，其次是私人厨房、起居室和室外。时间分辨数据显示，在典型的烹饪时间，厨房内持续记录到显著的峰值，在使用固体燃料取暖普遍的农村地区，PM2.5水平持续升高(>；100微克/立方米)。在不同的环境下，可以使用低成本的时间分辨率监测器很容易地评估个人空气污染暴露，结合其他个人和健康结果数据，将能够可靠地评估普通人群暴露于HAP/AAP的长期健康影响。
Averaged 24-hour variation of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentrations (µg/m3) recorded in the personal, kitchen, living room, and ambient monitors across the three study sites in the warm and cool season. We collected detailed fuel use, time-activity, and air pollution data from 477 Chinese adults. Mix of solid and clean fuels was common for cooking or heating in rural areas. Real-time PM2.5 data at personal, household, and ambient environments are presented. PM2.5 levels in rural areas with solid fuel use were 2–3 times higher than in urban areas. Personal, household and ambient PM2.5 levels were 2–3 times higher in the cool season. Previous studies of the health impact of ambient and household air pollution (AAP/HAP) have chiefly relied on self-reported and/or address-based exposure modelling data. We assessed the feasibility of collecting and integrating detailed personal exposure data in different settings and seasons. We recruited 477 participants (mean age 58 years, 72% women) from three (two rural [Gansu/Henan] and one urban [Suzhou]) study areas in the China Kadoorie Biobank, based on their previously reported fuel use patterns. A time-resolved monitor (PATS+CO) was used to measure continuously for 120-hour the concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) at personal and household (kitchen and living room) levels in warm (May-September 2017) and cool (November 2017–January 2018) seasons, along with questionnaires on participants’ characteristics (e.g. socio-demographic, and fuel use) and time-activity (48-hour). Parallel local ambient monitoring of particulate matter (PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) and gaseous pollutants (CO, ozone, nitrogen oxides) was conducted using regularly-calibrated devices. The air pollution exposure data were compared by study sites and seasons. Overall 76% reported cooking at least weekly (regular-cooks), and 48% (urban 1%, rural 65%) used solid fuels (wood/coal) for cooking. Winter heating was more common in rural sites than in urban site (74–91% vs 17% daily), and mainly involved solid fuels. Mixed use of clean and solid fuels was common for cooking in rural areas (38%) but not for heating (0%). Overall, the measured mean PM2.5 levels were 2–3 fold higher in the cool than warm season, and in rural (e.g. kitchen: Gansuwarm_season = 142.3 µg/m3; Gansucool_season = 508.1 µg/m3; Henanwarm_season = 77.5 µg/m3; Henancool_season = 222.3 µg/m3) than urban sites (Suzhouwarm_season = 41.6 µg/m3; Suzhoucool_season = 81.6 µg/m3). The levels recorded tended to be the highest in kitchens, followed by personal, living room and outdoor. Time-resolved data show prominent peaks consistently recorded in the kitchen at typical cooking times, and sustained elevated PM2.5 levels (> 100 µg/m3) were observed in rural areas where use of solid fuels for heating was common. Personal air pollution exposure can be readily assessed using a low-cost time-resolved monitor in different settings, which, in combination with other personal and health outcome data, will enable reliable assessment of the long-term health effects of HAP/AAP exposures in general populations.
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影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Fatmi Z;Coggon D
通讯作者：
Coggon D
DOI：
10.1016/s0140-6736(14)62114-0
发表时间：
2015-07-25
期刊：
Lancet (London, England)
影响因子：
--
作者：
Gasparrini A;Guo Y;Hashizume M;Lavigne E;Zanobetti A;Schwartz J;Tobias A;Tong S;Rocklöv J;Forsberg B;Leone M;De Sario M;Bell ML;Guo YL;Wu CF;Kan H;Yi SM;de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M;Saldiva PH;Honda Y;Kim H;Armstrong B
通讯作者：
Armstrong B
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Kim C;Seow WJ;Shu XO;Bassig BA;Rothman N;Chen BE;Xiang YB;Hosgood HD;Ji BT;Hu W;Wen C;Chow WH;Cai Q;Yang G;Gao YT;Zheng W;Lan Q
通讯作者：
Lan Q
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Jary H;Simpson H;Havens D;Manda G;Pope D;Bruce N;Mortimer K
通讯作者：
Mortimer K
中国北方农村家庭烹饪和取暖过程中气态和颗粒污染物排放的现场测量和估算
影响因子：
5
作者：
Chen, Yuanchen;Shen, Guofeng;Tao, Shu
通讯作者：
Tao, Shu