Cycles of Gender Convergence and Divergence in Drug Overdose Mortality.
Cycles of Gender Convergence and Divergence in Drug Overdose Mortality.
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DOI：
10.1111/padr.12336
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发表时间：
2020-09
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ho JY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ho JY
美国大规模药物过量流行已有25年，但其对性别差异的影响在很大程度上仍未得到探讨。这项研究发现，药物过量死亡率分别增加了男性和女性的7倍和5倍;占2017年出生时预期寿命的0.8年（男性）和0.4年（女性）赤字;并且在1990年至2017年期间，对女性的预期寿命优势做出了越来越大的贡献（从1%增加到17%）。我记录了一个独特的周期性药物过量的性别差异。在艾滋病流行的早期阶段--处方类阿片的鼎盛时期--性别差异缩小，但一旦2010年艾滋病流行转变为非法药物，性别差异再次扩大。这种模式在种族/族裔群体中普遍存在，事实上，西班牙裔和非西班牙裔黑人之间的差异可能比非西班牙裔白人之间的差异更大。我们在种族/族裔群体中观察到这种性别动态是令人惊讶的，因为在白人与其他群体中观察到药物过量死亡率的趋势非常不同。当代流行病是性别差异动态变化的一个例子，男女经历的不同死亡风险反映了性别社会规范、对风险的态度和传播模式。
The United States is 25 years into a large-scale drug overdose epidemic, yet its consequences for gender differences remain largely unexplored. This study finds that drug overdose mortality increased seven- and fivefold for men and women, respectively; accounts for 0.8-year (men) and 0.4-year (women) deficits in life expectancy at birth in 2017; and has made an increasing contribution (from 1 percent to 17 percent) to women’s life expectancy advantage at the prime adult ages between 1990 and 2017. I document a distinctive cyclicality to sex differences in drug overdose. During the epidemic’s early stages – the heyday of prescription opioids – gender differences narrowed, but once the epidemic transitioned to illicit drugs in 2010, gender differences widened again. This pattern holds across racial/ethnic groups, and in fact may be even stronger among Hispanics and non-Hispanic Blacks than among non-Hispanic Whites. That we observe this gender dynamic across racial/ethnic groups is surprising since very different trends in drug overdose mortality have been observed for Whites versus other groups. The contemporary epidemic is a case of dynamic change in gender differences, and the differential mortality risks experienced by men and women reflect gendered social norms, attitudes towards risk, and patterns of diffusion.
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影响因子：
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