Sex differences, gender and addiction.

Sex differences, gender and addiction.
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DOI:
10.1002/jnr.23963
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发表时间:
2017-01-02
影响因子:
4.2
通讯作者:
Reed, Beth Glover
Reed, Beth Glover
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Becker, Jill B.;McClellan, Michele L.;Reed, Beth Glover

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这篇综述讨论了酒精/其他药物成瘾作为一种社会文化和生物现象。性别差异和性别不仅仅由生物学决定,也不完全由社会文化决定。生物、环境、社会文化和发育影响之间的相互作用导致表型可能更男性化或更女性化。大脑中与性别相关的性别差异可能会影响对滥用药物的反应、接触滥用药物后大脑的渐进性变化以及成瘾是否由吸毒经历引起。在四种类型的性别差异的背景下讨论了成瘾性别差异的基本实验室证据。
This review discusses alcohol/other drug addiction as both a sociocultural and biological phenomenon. Sex differences and gender are not solely determined by biology, nor are they entirely sociocultural. The interactions among biological, environmental, sociocultural and developmental influences result in phenotypes that may be more masculine or more feminine. These gender-related sex differences in the brain can influence the responses to drugs of abuse, progressive changes in the brain after exposure to drugs of abuse and whether addiction results from drug-taking experiences. The basic laboratory evidence for sex differences in addiction is discussed within the context of four types of sex/gender differences.
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