A single genus in the gut microbiome reflects host preference and specificity.
A single genus in the gut microbiome reflects host preference and specificity.
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DOI：
10.1038/ismej.2014.97
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发表时间：
2015-01
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--
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描述人类和动物宿主肠道微生物组的差异有助于了解人类健康，并为检测水传播人类病原体的宿主提供新的策略。我们把重点放在Blautia上，这是一个单一的微生物属，对养分同化很重要，因为初步的工作表明该属成员中的宿主相关模式。在我们收集的来自7个宿主物种样本的16S核糖体RNA基因V6区域的57 M序列读取数据集中，我们使用寡分型确定了Blautia的200个高分辨率分类单位。我们的分析揭示了13种宿主特异性寡型，它们只存在于人类（3种寡型）、猪（6种寡型）、牛（1种寡型）、鹿（1种寡型）或鸡（2种寡型）的粪便样本中。我们鉴定了另外171个寡型，它们在所有宿主物种中表现出不同的丰度模式。从污水和粪便样本中获得的人群中的蓝藻寡型表现出显著的连续性。仅从一个农村个人收集的10个巴西人类粪便样本中的寡型就包含了从一个300万人口的城市的巴西污水样本中发现的所有Blautia寡型的97%。此外，巴西人类粪便样本中75%的寡型与美国污水样本相匹配，这意味着在文化和地理上不同的人群中可能共享一组普遍的蓝菌菌株。这些菌株可以作为评估环境样本中人类粪便污染的通用标记。我们的研究结果表明，该属生物的宿主特异性和宿主偏好模式是由宿主生理而不是饮食习惯驱动的。
Delineating differences in gut microbiomes of human and animal hosts contributes towards understanding human health and enables new strategies for detecting reservoirs of waterborne human pathogens. We focused upon Blautia, a single microbial genus that is important for nutrient assimilation as preliminary work suggested host-related patterns within members of this genus. In our dataset of 57 M sequence reads of the V6 region of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene in samples collected from seven host species, we identified 200 high-resolution taxonomic units within Blautia using oligotyping. Our analysis revealed 13 host-specific oligotypes that occurred exclusively in fecal samples of humans (three oligotypes), swine (six oligotypes), cows (one oligotype), deer (one oligotype), or chickens (two oligotypes). We identified an additional 171 oligotypes that exhibited differential abundance patterns among all the host species. Blautia oligotypes in the human population obtained from sewage and fecal samples displayed remarkable continuity. Oligotypes from only 10 Brazilian human fecal samples collected from individuals in a rural village encompassed 97% of all Blautia oligotypes found in a Brazilian sewage sample from a city of three million people. Further, 75% of the oligotypes in Brazilian human fecal samples matched those in US sewage samples, implying that a universal set of Blautia strains may be shared among culturally and geographically distinct human populations. Such strains can serve as universal markers to assess human fecal contamination in environmental samples. Our results indicate that host-specificity and host-preference patterns of organisms within this genus are driven by host physiology more than dietary habits.
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