PAR proteins direct asymmetry of the cell cycle regulators Polo-like kinase and Cdc25.

PAR proteins direct asymmetry of the cell cycle regulators Polo-like kinase and Cdc25.
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DOI:
10.1083/jcb.200710018
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发表时间:
2008-03-10
期刊:
The Journal of cell biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Ahringer J
Ahringer J
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Rivers DM;Moreno S;Abraham M;Ahringer J

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细胞周期长度在动物体内的不同细胞间差异很大,但对细胞周期长度调节的机制知之甚少。在秀丽线虫胚胎中,第一次细胞分裂产生两个不同细胞周期长度的细胞,这取决于保守的分割缺陷(PAR)极性蛋白。我们发现,两个关键的细胞周期调节因子,Polo样激酶PLK-1和细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶磷酸酶CDC-25.1,在早期胚胎中是不对称分布的。PLK-1呈胞浆前浓集,CDC-25.1呈PLK-1依赖的前核浓集。这两种蛋白质都是正常有丝分裂进程所必需的。此外,这些不对称性由PAR蛋白和肌肉过剩(MEX)蛋白MEX-5/MEX-6控制,后者与蛋白质降解有关。我们的结果支持这样一个模型,即PAR和MEX-5/MEX-6蛋白不对称地控制PLK-1水平,不对称地调节CDC-25.1以促进细胞周期长度的差异。我们认为,Plk1和CDC25的调控可能与其他发育环境中细胞周期长度的调节有关。
Cell cycle lengths vary widely among different cells within an animal, yet mechanisms of cell cycle length regulation are poorly understood. In the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo, the first cell division produces two cells with different cell cycle lengths, which are dependent on the conserved partitioning-defective (PAR) polarity proteins. We show that two key cell cycle regulators, the Polo-like kinase PLK-1 and the cyclin-dependent kinase phosphatase CDC-25.1, are asymmetrically distributed in early embryos. PLK-1 shows anterior cytoplasmic enrichment and CDC-25.1 shows PLK-1–dependent enrichment in the anterior nucleus. Both proteins are required for normal mitotic progression. Furthermore, these asymmetries are controlled by PAR proteins and the muscle excess (MEX) proteins MEX-5/MEX-6, and the latter is linked to protein degradation. Our results support a model whereby the PAR and MEX-5/MEX-6 proteins asymmetrically control PLK-1 levels, which asymmetrically regulates CDC-25.1 to promote differences in cell cycle lengths. We suggest that control of Plk1 and Cdc25 may be relevant to regulation of cell cycle length in other developmental contexts.
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