Identification of tri-phosphatase activity in the biogenesis of retroviral microRNAs and RNAP III-generated shRNAs.

Identification of tri-phosphatase activity in the biogenesis of retroviral microRNAs and RNAP III-generated shRNAs.
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DOI:
10.1093/nar/gku1247
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发表时间:
2014-12-16
影响因子:
14.9
通讯作者:
Sullivan CS
Sullivan CS
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Burke JM;Bass CR;Kincaid RP;Sullivan CS

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具有5′-三磷酸的转录物是病毒转录的标志,可以触发宿主的抗病毒反应。在RNA聚合酶III(RNAP III)转录的常见宿主转录物上也发现了5 '-三磷酸,但这些转录物如何保持非免疫刺激性尚不完全清楚。大多数microRNA(miRNAs)是5′-单磷酸化的,这是Drosha和Dicer从较长的RNA聚合酶II(RNAP II)转录的初级转录物中连续核酸内切加工的结果。相比之下,牛白血病病毒(BLV)表达亚基因组RNAP III转录本,产生独立于Drosha加工的miRNA。在这里,我们证明了每个BLV前体miRNA都是由RNAP III直接从单个的、紧凑的RNAP III II型基因转录的。因此,类似于人造RNAP III产生的短发夹RNA(shRNA),BLV pre-miRNA最初是5′-三磷酸化的。尽管如此,衍生的5 p miRNA和shRNA产生的5 p小RNA(sRNA)具有5′-单磷酸。我们的酶促鉴定和小RNA测序数据表明BLV 5 p miRNA与5′-三磷酸化的miRNA前体(pre-miRNA)共末端。因此,这些结果鉴定了参与BLV miRNA和shRNA产生的sRNA的生物发生的5′-三磷酸酶活性。这项工作推进了我们对逆转录病毒miRNA和shRNA生物发生的理解,并可能对RNAP III转录本的免疫刺激能力产生影响。
Transcripts possessing a 5′-triphosphate are a hallmark of viral transcription and can trigger the host antiviral response. 5′-triphosphates are also found on common host transcripts transcribed by RNA polymerase III (RNAP III), yet how these transcripts remain non-immunostimulatory is incompletely understood. Most microRNAs (miRNAs) are 5′-monophosphorylated as a result of sequential endonucleolytic processing by Drosha and Dicer from longer RNA polymerase II (RNAP II)-transcribed primary transcripts. In contrast, bovine leukemia virus (BLV) expresses subgenomic RNAP III transcripts that give rise to miRNAs independent of Drosha processing. Here, we demonstrate that each BLV pre-miRNA is directly transcribed by RNAP III from individual, compact RNAP III type II genes. Thus, similar to manmade RNAP III-generated short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), the BLV pre-miRNAs are initially 5′-triphosphorylated. Nonetheless, the derivative 5p miRNAs and shRNA-generated 5p small RNAs (sRNAs) possess a 5′-monophosphate. Our enzymatic characterization and small RNA sequencing data demonstrate that BLV 5p miRNAs are co-terminal with 5′-triphosphorylated miRNA precursors (pre-miRNAs). Thus, these results identify a 5′-tri-phosphatase activity that is involved in the biogenesis of BLV miRNAs and shRNA-generated sRNAs. This work advances our understanding of retroviral miRNA and shRNA biogenesis and may have implications regarding the immunostimulatory capacity of RNAP III transcripts.
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