Impacts of stove use patterns and outdoor air quality on household air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in southwestern China.
Impacts of stove use patterns and outdoor air quality on household air pollution and cardiovascular mortality in southwestern China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envint.2018.04.048
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发表时间：
2018-08
影响因子：
11.8
通讯作者：
Baumgartner J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Snider G;Carter E;Clark S;Tseng JTW;Yang X;Ezzati M;Schauer JJ;Wiedinmyer C;Baumgartner J
几十年来，用更清洁的燃烧技术取代传统生物质炉的干预计划未能达到世界卫生组织（WHO）的室内空气质量中期目标，即PM2.5的浓度为35 μg - m-3。许多人将这些结果归因于持续使用生物质炉和室外空气质量差，尽管这些因素的相对影响尚未得到经验量化。我们测量了中国四川150个农村家庭496天的实时炉灶使用情况，同时测量了室外和室内空气污染（PM2.5）。量化了炉灶使用方式和室外空气质量对室内PM2.5的影响。我们还利用已建立的暴露-反应关系，估计了中国西南地区从传统燃料炉过渡到清洁燃料炉可能避免的心血管死亡率。同时使用木质炉灶和清洁燃料炉灶的家庭每日室内PM2.5平均值最高（122 μg m-3），其次是完全使用木质炉灶（106 μg m-3）和清洁燃料炉灶（半气化炉：65 μg m-3；燃气或电力炉灶：55 μg m-3）。柴炉在点火过程中排放的室内PM2.5比例较高，使用时间越长，室内PM2.5水平越高。仅使用清洁燃料炉灶的天数中，只有24%达到了世卫组织的室内空气质量目标，但在减去室外PM2.5贡献后，这一比例上升至73%。据估计，在中国西南地区，通过只使用燃气或电炉来减少PM2.5暴露，每年可防止4.8万人过早死亡，如果当地室外PM2.5也减少，减少的人数会更多。清洁炉灶和燃料干预措施不太可能将室内PM2.5减少到世卫组织的目标，除非它们的使用是专用的，并且室外空气污染足够低，但仍可能提供一些心血管益处。
Decades of intervention programs that replaced traditional biomass stoves with cleaner-burning technologies have failed to meet the World Health Organization (WHO) interim indoor air quality target of 35- μg m-3 for PM2.5. Many attribute these results to continued use of biomass stoves and poor outdoor air quality, though the relative impacts of these factors have not been empirically quantified. We measured 496 days of real-time stove use concurrently with outdoor and indoor air pollution (PM2.5) in 150 rural households in Sichuan, China. The impacts of stove use patterns and outdoor air quality on indoor PM2.5 were quantified. We also estimated the potential avoided cardiovascular mortality in southwestern China associated with transition from traditional to clean fuel stoves using established exposure-response relationships. Mean daily indoor PM2.5 was highest in homes using both wood and clean fuel stoves (122 μg m-3), followed by exclusive use of wood stoves (106 μg m-3) and clean fuel stoves (semi-gasifiers: 65 μg m-3; gas or electric: 55 μg m-3). Wood stoves emitted proportionally higher indoor PM2.5 during ignition, and longer use was not associated with higher indoor PM2.5. Only 24% of days with exclusive use of clean fuel stoves met the WHO’s indoor air quality target, though this fraction rose to 73% after subtracting the outdoor PM2.5 contribution. Reduced PM2.5 exposure through exclusive use of gas or electric stoves is estimated to prevent 48,000 yearly premature deaths in southwestern China, with greater reductions if local outdoor PM2.5 is also reduced. Clean stove and fuel interventions are not likely to reduce indoor PM2.5 to the WHO target unless their use is exclusive and outdoor air pollution is sufficiently low, but may still offer some cardiovascular benefits.
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影响因子：
11.4
作者：
Kar, Abhishek;Rehman, Ibrahim H.;Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
通讯作者：
Ramanathan, Veerabhadran
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bonjour S;Adair-Rohani H;Wolf J;Bruce NG;Mehta S;Prüss-Ustün A;Lahiff M;Rehfuess EA;Mishra V;Smith KR
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Smith KR
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10.4
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Cohen A
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11.4
作者：
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通讯作者：
Brauer, Michael
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11.4
作者：
Jetter, James;Zhao, Yongxin;Hays, Michael D.
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Hays, Michael D.