Vulnerability and Autonomy – Children and Adults

Vulnerability and Autonomy – Children and Adults
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脆弱性和自主性 – 儿童和成人

DOI:
10.1080/17496535.2019.1647262
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发表时间:
2019
影响因子:
1
通讯作者:
Johannes
Johannes
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Giesinger;Johannes

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在自由伦理学中,通常认为成年人是自主和独立的,而儿童是非自主的、依赖的和脆弱的。然而,有人指出,所有人都是脆弱的。这种观点似乎模糊了童年和成年之间的区别。在本文中,我讨论引入普遍脆弱性的概念是否真的破坏了关于童年和成年的普遍自由主义观点。我的主要主张是,事实并非如此:即使所有人都处于弱势,儿童仍然必须被视为特别脆弱。我明确指出,试图阐明儿童的特殊脆弱性会导致儿童和成人之间基于自主和独立概念的区别。为了论证的目的,我提出了一个两层的脆弱性概念。在此背景下,我进一步认为,虽然童年和成年之间的经典区别应该保留,但我们有理由重新考虑成人或儿童的含义。我还认为,儿童的某些脆弱性值得培养。
In liberal ethics, it is generally assumed that adults are autonomous and independent, whereas children are non-autonomous, dependent and vulnerable. It has been pointed out, however, that all persons are vulnerable. This view seems to blur the distinction between childhood and adulthood. In this essay, I discuss whether introducing a notion of universal vulnerability really undermines the common liberal view on childhood and adulthood. My main claim is that this is not the case: even if all persons are vulnerable, children must still be seen as specially vulnerable. I make clear that the attempt to elucidate the special vulnerability of children leads back to a distinction between children and adults that is based on the concepts of autonomy and independence. For the purpose of this argument, I develop a two-level notion of vulnerability. Against this background, I further argue that while the classical distinction between childhood and adulthood should be maintained, there is reason to reconsider what it means to be an adult or a child. I also claim that some forms of vulnerability in children are worth being cultivated.
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