Disentangling psychobiological mechanisms underlying internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth: longitudinal and concurrent associations with cortisol.
Disentangling psychobiological mechanisms underlying internalizing and externalizing behaviors in youth: longitudinal and concurrent associations with cortisol.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.10.015
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发表时间：
2011-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Schwartzman, Alex E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ruttle, Paula L.;Shirtcliff, Elizabeth A.;Serbin, Lisa A.;Fisher, Dahlia Ben-Dat;Stack, Dale M.;Schwartzman, Alex E.
关键词：
关于皮质醇失调的研究似乎与表明内化和外化行为都与皮质醇高低有关的研究相矛盾。一个现存的理论，以解释不同的结果，在压力的文献是，无论是低唤醒和高唤醒的下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴可能存在依赖于时间，因为开始的压力。这一理论可以扩展到内化和外化行为的开始。从96个青年参与纵向项目的数据被用来检查这种可能性。儿童期和青少年早期的内化和外化行为的综合措施，形成了母亲和教师的报告。多个唾液皮质醇样本也收集了在青春期早期连续两天。有问题的行为与皮质醇相关，并且关联的方向取决于自行为发生以来所经过的时间。当同时在青春期检查时，具有更多内化行为的青少年具有较高的早晨皮质醇;然而，当纵向检查时，童年具有更多内化行为的青少年具有较低的早晨皮质醇水平。在童年时期有更多外化行为的青少年在青少年时期的皮质醇昼夜节律变平，当在青春期检查时，这一发现仍然存在。皮质醇失调在行为问题最严重的儿童中最严重。研究结果支持的HPA轴随着时间的推移钝化的理论模型。虽然HPA轴可能会在年轻人第一次表现出行为时表现出过度觉醒，但长期暴露可能会导致HPA轴的低觉醒，最终导致昼夜节律失调。
Research examining cortisol dysregulation is seemingly contradictory with studies showing that both internalizing and externalizing behaviors are related to high and low cortisol. One extant theory to explain divergent findings in the stress literature is that both hypo- and hyper-arousal of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis may be present depending on time since onset of the stressor. This theory may extend to the onset of internalizing and externalizing behaviors. Data from 96 youth participating in a longitudinal project were used to examine this possibility. Composite measures of internalizing and externalizing behaviors at both childhood and early adolescence were formed using mother and teacher reports. Multiple salivary cortisol samples were also collected over two consecutive days during early adolescence. Problematic behaviors were associated with cortisol and the direction of the association was dependent on amount of time passed since onset of the behaviors. When examined concurrently in adolescence, youth with more internalizing behaviors had higher morning cortisol; however, when examined longitudinally, youth with more internalizing behaviors in childhood had lower morning cortisol levels as adolescents. Youth with more externalizing behaviors in childhood had flattened diurnal cortisol rhythms as adolescents, and this finding persisted when examined in adolescence. Cortisol dysregulation was greatest in children with the most severe behavior problems. Findings support the theoretical model of blunting of the HPA axis over time. While the HPA axis may show hyper-arousal when youth first display behaviors, long-term exposure may lead to a hypo-arousal of the HPA axis which culminates in a dysregulated diurnal rhythm.
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DOI：
10.1097/00004583-200404000-00012
发表时间：
2004-04-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
Azar, R;Zoccolillo, M;Tremblay, RE
通讯作者：
Tremblay, RE
影响因子：
10.6
作者：
Fairchild, Graeme;van Goozen, Stephanie H. M.;Stollery, Sarah J.;Brown, Jamie;Gardiner, Julian;Herbert, Joe;Goodyer, Ian M.
通讯作者：
Goodyer, Ian M.
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
CASPI, A;HENRY, B;SILVA, PA
通讯作者：
SILVA, PA
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Aunola, K;Stattin, H;Nurmi, JE
通讯作者：
Nurmi, JE
DOI：
10.1097/00004583-199609000-00010
发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
13.3
作者：
DeBellis, MD;Dahl, RE;Ryan, ND
通讯作者：
Ryan, ND