Dimensional and Categorical Approaches to Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: New Frontiers in Translational Research.
Dimensional and Categorical Approaches to Understanding Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: New Frontiers in Translational Research.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.07.001
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发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Fassbender C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Fassbender C
最近精神病学的研究方法集中在发现临床疾病的潜在神经生物学关联上。许多疾病，如注意力缺陷/多动障碍(ADHD)，是异质性疾病；损害并不是所有患有这种疾病的人都普遍存在的。一般来说，精神科药物对大约一半的患者有效。这部分是由于具有异质综合症的个体被归入一种疾病的保护伞下(1)。此外，当使用精神药物治疗临床疾病时，标准通常是一种反复试验的方法，直到达到令人满意的治疗反应。在ADHD的情况下，症状可能因情况而异，有时做出主观和复杂的诊断。因此，更好地了解疾病的潜在生物学将导致更有针对性和有效的治疗，这些治疗基于科学，而不是试验和错误。在最新一期的生物精神病学：认知神经科学和神经成像，史蒂文斯等人试图阐明ADHD的病因结合亚型/表现。他们在ADHD流行的双途径模型(3，4)中框定了他们的方法。这些模型在具体涉及的过程(延迟厌恶、奖赏、工作记忆、抑制或更广泛的执行功能)上有不同的离散变化，都强调了广泛的奖赏相关和认知控制/执行功能的损害。因此，史蒂文斯等人(2)对一组患有ADHD的青少年进行了一系列任务：一组主要关注运动反应抑制的认知控制任务，以及一系列涉及奖励加工的时间折扣范式。作者还收集了另一项反应抑制任务和货币激励延迟(MID)任务参与者子组的功能磁共振成像(MRI)数据。中间任务涉及与奖励相关的处理。一组典型发育的青少年也接受了所有的手术。
Recent approaches to research in psychiatry have focused on discovering the underlying neurobiological correlates of clinical disorders. Many disorders such as attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are heterogenous disorders; impairments are not universal to all individuals with this diagnosis. In general, psychiatric medications are effective in about half of patients. This is partially due to the grouping of individuals with heterogenous syndromes under the umbrella of one disorder (1). Furthermore, when treating clinical disorders with psychiatric medications, the standard is often a trial and error approach until a satisfactory treatment response is reached. In the case of ADHD, symptoms can vary from situation to situation, making diagnoses at times subjective and complex. Therefore, a better understanding of the underlying biology of disorders would lead to more targeted and effective treatments that are based on science rather than trial and error.In the current issue of Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Stevens et al.(2) attempt to elucidate the etiology of ADHD combined subtype/presentation. They frame their approach within popular dual pathway models of ADHD (3, 4). These models, with discrete variations on the specific implicated processes involved (delay aversion, reward, working memory, inhibition, or broader executive functioning), all emphasize impairments in broadly reward-related and cognitive control–related/executive functioning. Thus, Stevens et al.(2) administered a battery of tasks to a group of adolescents with ADHD: a group of cognitive control tasks mainly focusing on motor response inhibition paired with a series of temporal discounting paradigms that involve reward processing. The authors also gathered functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data on a subgroup of participants on an additional response inhibition task and the monetary incentive delay (MID) task. The MID task involves reward-related processing. A control group of typically developing adolescents also underwent all procedures.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.09.005
发表时间：
2018-08
期刊：
Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging
影响因子：
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作者：
Stevens MC;Pearlson GD;Calhoun VD;Bessette KL
通讯作者：
Bessette KL
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1115365109
发表时间：
2012-04-24
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fair, Damien A.;Bathula, Deepti;Nigg, Joel T.
通讯作者：
Nigg, Joel T.
DOI：
10.1017/s1355617715001071
发表时间：
2016-01
期刊：
Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
影响因子：
--
作者：
Rosch KS;Mostofsky SH
通讯作者：
Mostofsky SH
影响因子：
9.3
作者：
Cuthbert BN;Insel TR
通讯作者：
Insel TR
影响因子：
8.2
作者：
Sonuga-Barke, EJS
通讯作者：
Sonuga-Barke, EJS