Why skill matters.

Why skill matters.
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DOI:
10.1016/j.tics.2013.07.001
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发表时间:
2013-09
影响因子:
19.9
通讯作者:
Kim HF
Kim HF
中科院分区:
心理学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hikosaka O;Yamamoto S;Yasuda M;Kim HF

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最大化每单位时间的奖励是人类和动物成功和生存的理想选择。这一目标可以通过加速以奖励为目的的行为来实现,而这通过获得技能来实现最有效。重要的是,奖励导向技能由两个部分组成:找到一个好的对象(对象技能)和对对象采取行动(动作技能),这两个部分依次发生。近年来的研究表明,客体技能是建立在客体-价值关联的高容量记忆基础上的。当一个学习的对象出现时,相应的记忆会迅速表达为基于值的注视偏差,从而导致自动获取或回避该对象。因此,目标技能在增加单位时间的奖励方面起着至关重要的作用。
Maximizing rewards per unit time is ideal for success and survival for humans and animals. This goal can be approached by speeding up behavior aiming at rewards, and this is done most efficiently by acquiring skills. Importantly, reward-directed skills consist of two components: finding a good object (object skill) and acting on the object (action skill), which occur sequentially. Recent studies suggest that object skill is based on high capacity memory on object-value association. When a learned object appears, the corresponding memory is quickly expressed as a value-based gaze bias, leading to the automatic acquisition or avoidance of the object. Object skill thus plays a crucial role in increasing rewards per unit time.
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