Neural mechanisms underlying the generation of the lobster gastric mill motor pattern.
Neural mechanisms underlying the generation of the lobster gastric mill motor pattern.
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DOI：
10.3389/neuro.04.012.2009
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Reyes M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Selverston AI;Szücs A;Huerta R;Pinto R;Reyes M
龙虾胃磨中央模式发生器（CPG）位于口胃神经节，由11个神经元组成，其电路是众所周知的。由于所有的神经元都是可识别和可访问的，它可以作为分析微电路如何产生多相振荡时空模式的主要实验模型。构成胃磨CPG的神经元包括一个中间神经元、五个爆发神经元和六个紧张性放电神经元。单个中间神经元（Int 1）由内侧齿子回路（包含AM、DG和GM）和外侧齿子回路（LG、MG和LPG）共享。通过观察细胞间的连接和神经元的合作动力学，我们发现中间子回路本质上是一个前馈振荡器系统。Int 1神经元通过延迟兴奋来携带DG和AM细胞，然后这对神经元周期性地抑制紧张性放电的GM，导致它们爆发。侧支回路由两个相互抑制的负反馈回路组成，一个是从Int 1到LG/MG对，另一个是从LG/MG到LPG。在Int 1的快速抑制之后，LG/MG神经元接收到与Int 1对DG/AM施加的类似的缓慢发展的兴奋性输入。因此，Int 1在同步两个子电路中起着关键作用。这个协调角色由两个子集之间的额外的、较弱的连接辅助，但是在缺少Int 1的情况下，这些连接不足以使它们同步。除了实验之外，我们还开发了一个稍微简化的胃回路的基于电导的模型。该数学模型可以再现基本节律和许多实验诱导的扰动。我们的发现揭示了每个细胞和突触在这个小回路中的功能作用，提供了对胃磨网络中节律生成和模式形成的详细理解。
The lobster gastric mill central pattern generator (CPG) is located in the stomatogastric ganglion and consists of 11 neurons whose circuitry is well known. Because all of the neurons are identifiable and accessible, it can serve as a prime experimental model for analyzing how microcircuits generate multiphase oscillatory spatiotemporal patterns. The neurons that comprise the gastric mill CPG consist of one interneuron, five burster neurons and six tonically firing neurons. The single interneuron (Int 1) is shared by the medial tooth subcircuit (containing the AM, DG and GMs) and the lateral teeth subcircuit (LG, MG and LPGs). By surveying cell-to-cell connections and the cooperative dynamics of the neurons we find that the medial subcircuit is essentially a feed forward system of oscillators. The Int 1 neuron entrains the DG and AM cells by delayed excitation and this pair then periodically inhibits the tonically firing GMs causing them to burst. The lateral subcircuit consists of two negative feedback loops of reciprocal inhibition from Int 1 to the LG/MG pair and from the LG/MG to the LPGs. Following a fast inhibition from Int 1, the LG/MG neurons receive a slowly developing excitatory input similar to that which Int 1 puts onto DG/AM. Thus Int 1 plays a key role in synchronizing both subcircuits. This coordinating role is assisted by additional, weaker connections between the two subsets but those are not sufficient to synchronize them in the absence of Int 1. In addition to the experiments, we developed a conductance-based model of a slightly simplified gastric circuit. The mathematical model can reproduce the fundamental rhythm and many of the experimentally induced perturbations. Our findings shed light on the functional role of every cell and synapse in this small circuit providing a detailed understanding of the rhythm generation and pattern formation in the gastric mill network.
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影响因子：
2.5
作者：
GOLOWASCH, J;MARDER, E
通讯作者：
MARDER, E
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Cangiano, L;Grillner, S
通讯作者：
Grillner, S
DOI：
10.1007/bf00604049
发表时间：
1988-01-01
影响因子：
2.1
作者：
BAL, T;NAGY, F;MOULINS, M
通讯作者：
MOULINS, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
BIDAUT, M
通讯作者：
BIDAUT, M
影响因子：
2.5
作者：
Clemens, S;Katz, PS
通讯作者：
Katz, PS