Activation of Xist by an evolutionarily conserved function of KDM5C demethylase.

Activation of Xist by an evolutionarily conserved function of KDM5C demethylase.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-022-30352-1
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发表时间:
2022-05-11
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
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--
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XX 雌性和 XY 雄性兽类哺乳动物通过雌性体细胞中两条 X 染色体之一的有丝分裂稳定转录失活来平衡 X 连锁基因的表达。在这里,我们描述了祖先 X-Y 基因对的 X 连锁同源物 Kdm5c-Kdm5d 在 Xist lncRNA 表达中的基本功能,这是稳定 X 失活所必需的。女性中 Kdm5c 功能的消除会导致 Xist RNA 表达显着减少。 Kdm5c 编码一种去甲基酶,可通过将组蛋白 H3K4me2/3 修饰转化为 H3K4me1 来增强 Xist 表达。小鼠和人类 KDM5C(而非 Y 连锁同源物 KDM5D)的异位表达可在雄性小鼠胚胎干细胞 (mESC) 中诱导 Xist。同样,尽管有袋动物缺乏 Xist,但有袋动物(负鼠)Kdm5c(而非 Kdm5d)也在雄性 mESC 中上调 Xist,这表明在真兽类中激活 Xist 的 KDM5C 功能是高度保守的,并且早于真兽类和后兽类哺乳动物的分化。作为支持,原兽类(鸭嘴兽)Kdm5c 也在雄性 mESC 中诱导 Xist。总之,我们的数据表明,真兽类哺乳动物在性染色体进化过程中选择了祖先去甲基化酶 KDM5C 来上调 Xist,从而诱导女性特异性 X 失活。在这里,作者展示了真兽类哺乳动物在性染色体进化过程中选择了组蛋白去甲基化酶 KDM5C,通过选择性上调雌性中的 Xist 表达来诱导 X 染色体失活。
XX female and XY male therian mammals equalize X-linked gene expression through the mitotically-stable transcriptional inactivation of one of the two X chromosomes in female somatic cells. Here, we describe an essential function of the X-linked homolog of an ancestral X-Y gene pair, Kdm5c-Kdm5d, in the expression of Xist lncRNA, which is required for stable X-inactivation. Ablation of Kdm5c function in females results in a significant reduction in Xist RNA expression. Kdm5c encodes a demethylase that enhances Xist expression by converting histone H3K4me2/3 modifications into H3K4me1. Ectopic expression of mouse and human KDM5C, but not the Y-linked homolog KDM5D, induces Xist in male mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). Similarly, marsupial (opossum) Kdm5c but not Kdm5d also upregulates Xist in male mESCs, despite marsupials lacking Xist, suggesting that the KDM5C function that activates Xist in eutherians is strongly conserved and predates the divergence of eutherian and metatherian mammals. In support, prototherian (platypus) Kdm5c also induces Xist in male mESCs. Together, our data suggest that eutherian mammals co-opted the ancestral demethylase KDM5C during sex chromosome evolution to upregulate Xist for the female-specific induction of X-inactivation. Here the authors show eutherian mammals co-opted the histone demethylase KDM5C during sex-chromosome evolution to induce X-chromosome inactivation by upregulating Xist expression selectively in females.
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