Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae Infection Alters Honey Bee Microbiota Composition and Sustains the Survival of Adult Honey Bees.
Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae Infection Alters Honey Bee Microbiota Composition and Sustains the Survival of Adult Honey Bees.
复制标题
Vairimorpha（微孢子虫）感染改变蜜蜂微生物群组成并维持成年蜜蜂的生存
DOI：
10.3390/biology10090905
复制
发表时间：
2021-09-13
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Huang WF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zhang Y;Su M;Wang L;Huang S;Su S;Huang WF
肠道菌群，除了宿主和病原体，已经成为肠道疾病发展的第三个因素，包括蜜蜂。有趣的是，各种研究报告了肠道细菌与最常见的微孢子虫病原体之间的正相关，而不是负相关。为了研究积极的联系，在试验中加入了一种同样存在于蜂蜜中的益生元。喂食益生元的蜜蜂病原体数量略高，但死亡率较低。微生物群分析表明，受感染的蜜蜂的微生物群组成与寿命较长的蜜蜂相似，益生元似乎增强了这种相似性。由于微孢子虫通常引起慢性感染，因此这种积极的联系可能有助于维持宿主的寿命，这是存活的蜜蜂能够承受病原体增殖并传播病原体的最佳结果。虽然这些关联的潜在机制尚未揭示，但本研究表明，通过改变微生物群来管理蜜蜂的小虫病可能会缩短寿命或增加感染和蜜蜂种群。这样的结果出现在最近的实地研究中。利用蜜蜂肠道菌群进行疾病管理还需要更多的研究。摘要：蜜蜂微孢子虫是蜜蜂肠道中最常见的真核致病菌。感染通常是慢性的，但可能导致死亡。肠道菌群是最近被注意到的肠道传染病发展的一个因素。有趣的是，研究发现蜜蜂微生物群的核心细菌与蜜蜂弧菌感染之间存在正相关，而不是负相关。为了研究正相关性的影响，我们添加了寡糖异麦芽糖（IMO），一种同样存在于蜂蜜中的益生元糖，以增强正相关性，然后我们使用qPCR和16S rRNA基因测序来研究感染和肠道微生物群的变化。我们发现，饲喂IMO的感染蜜蜂有明显较高的蜡状弧菌孢子数，但死亡率较低。在微生物群比较中，单独的蜜蜂弧菌感染显著增加了蜜蜂后肠和粪便中的微生物群总数；所有监测的核心细菌数量均显著增加，但种群比例并非全部增加。感染引起的微生物群变化在IMO的作用下得到了增强，这些变化类似于在自然寿命较长的蜜蜂中发现的差异。虽然我们的研究结果没有阐明感染与微生物群之间正相关的原因，但这种关联似乎维持了宿主的生存，并有利于病原体。增强肠道微生物控制小虫病可能导致蜜蜂种群的增加，但不能控制病原体。病原体和微生物群之间的这种相互作用可能会增强疾病的传播，并避免患病蜜蜂过早死亡以抑制疾病在蜂群内传播的社会免疫反应。
Simple Summary The gut microbiota, in addition to the hosts and the pathogens, has become the third factor involved in gut disease developments, including honey bees. Interestingly, various studies reported positive associations between the gut bacteria and the most commonly found microsporidian pathogen instead of negative associations. To investigate the positive associations, a prebiotic that also exists in honey was added in the trials. Bees fed the prebiotics have slightly higher pathogen counts but lower mortalities. Microbiota analyses suggested that bees with the infection have a microbiota composition similar to that of bees with a longer lifespan, and the prebiotic seemed to enhance the similarities. Since microsporidia typically cause chronic infections, the positive associations may serve to sustain the host lifespans which is the optimal outcome for the pathogen that the survived bees can withstand pathogen proliferation and transmit the pathogens. Although the mechanisms underlying the associations were not revealed, this study indicated that nosema disease management in bees through changes in microbiota may shorten the lifespans or enhance both the infection and the bee population. Such results have appeared in recent field studies. More studies will be needed for the disease management using bee gut microbiota. Abstract Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae is the most common eukaryotic gut pathogen in honey bees. Infection is typically chronic but may result in mortality. Gut microbiota is a factor that was recently noted for gut infectious disease development. Interestingly, studies identified positive, instead of negative, associations between core bacteria of honey bee microbiota and V. ceranae infection. To investigate the effects of the positive associations, we added isomaltooligosaccharide (IMO), a prebiotic sugar also found in honey, to enhance the positive associations, and we then investigated the infection and the gut microbiota alterations using qPCR and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that infected bees fed IMO had significantly higher V. ceranae spore counts but lower mortalities. In microbiota comparisons, V. ceranae infections alone significantly enhanced the overall microbiota population in the honey bee hindgut and feces; all monitored core bacteria significantly increased in the quantities but not all in the population ratios. The microbiota alterations caused by the infection were enhanced with IMO, and these alterations were similar to the differences found in bees that naturally have longer lifespans. Although our results did not clarify the causations of the positive associations between the infections and microbiota, the associations seemed to sustain the host survival and benefit the pathogen. Enhancing indigenous gut microbe to control nosema disease may result in an increment of bee populations but not the control of the pathogen. This interaction between the pathogen and microbiota potentially enhances disease transmission and avoids the social immune responses that diseased bees die prematurely to curb the disease from spreading within colonies.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
5.2
作者：
Gänzle MG;Follador R
通讯作者：
Follador R
影响因子：
11
作者：
Daisley, Brendan A.;Pitek, Andrew P.;Reid, Gregor
通讯作者：
Reid, Gregor
影响因子：
5.4
作者：
Baffoni, L.;Gaggia, F.;Di Gioia, D.
通讯作者：
Di Gioia, D.
影响因子：
4.2
作者：
Denman, Stuart E.;McSweeney, Christopher S.
通讯作者：
McSweeney, Christopher S.
影响因子：
3.6
作者：
Castelli, L.;Branchiccela, B.;Antunez, K.
通讯作者：
Antunez, K.