Germline reprogramming of heterochromatin in plants.

Germline reprogramming of heterochromatin in plants.
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DOI:
10.1101/sqb.2010.75.064
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发表时间:
2010
期刊:
Cold Spring Harbor symposia on quantitative biology
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Martienssen RA
Martienssen RA
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Creasey KM;Martienssen RA

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异染色质由转座元件(TES)和其他重复序列组成,曾被认为是多余遗传物质和潜在有害TE的荒地。因此,在未成熟的种子和花粉中,异染色质的重新编程和随后的TE的重新激活在植物中是矛盾的。最近的研究表明,TE的重新激活特异性地发生在胚系伴生细胞、花粉的营养核和种子的胚乳中。在胚珠中,精灵9(AGO9)不仅具有沉默卵细胞中的TE的作用,而且还具有阻止多个无性配子体形成的作用。我们认为,在生殖系伴生细胞中,异染色质的重新编程以一种受控的方式揭示了TE,使它们暴露在生殖系中,并通过产生小干扰RNA(SiRNA),确保下一代TE的沉默。我们还提出,进化为沉默TE的机制实际上可能通过抑制无性配子的形成来促进有性生殖。
Heterochromatin is composed of transposable elements (TEs) and other repeats and was once considered to be a wasteland of redundant genetic material and potentially harmful TE. Therefore, the reprogramming of heterochromatin and subsequent reactivation of TE in the immature seed and pollen is paradoxical in plants. Recent studies have shown that reactivation of TE occurs specifically in germline companion cells, the vegetative nucleus (VN) in pollen and the endosperm in seed. In the ovule, ARGONAUTE 9 (AGO9) not only has a role in silencing TE in the egg cell but also in preventing the formation of multiple asexual gametophytes. We propose that reprogramming of heterochromatin in germline companion cells reveals TE in a controlled manner to expose them within the germline and, by the production of small interfering RNA (siRNA), ensures TE silencing in the next generation. We also propose that the mechanisms evolved to silence TE may actually promote sexual reproduction by inhibiting the formation of asexual gametes.
DOI: 10.1038/nature02875
发表时间: 2004-09-16
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影响因子: 64.8
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