Structural basis for the regulation of human 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase by phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine inhibition.

Structural basis for the regulation of human 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase by phosphorylation and S-adenosylmethionine inhibition.
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DOI:
10.1038/s41467-018-04735-2
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发表时间:
2018-06-11
影响因子:
16.6
通讯作者:
Yue WW
Yue WW
中科院分区:
综合性期刊1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Froese DS;Kopec J;Rembeza E;Bezerra GA;Oberholzer AE;Suormala T;Lutz S;Chalk R;Borkowska O;Baumgartner MR;Yue WW

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叶酸和蛋氨酸循环对于脂质、核苷酸和蛋白质的生物合成以及甲基供体 S-腺苷甲硫氨酸 (SAM) 的生产至关重要。 5,10-亚甲基四氢叶酸还原酶 (MTHFR) 代表这些循环之间的关键调节联系,生成用于启动蛋氨酸循环的 5-甲基四氢叶酸,并通过其最终产物 SAM 进行变构抑制。我们的 2.5 Å 分辨率的人类 MTHFR 晶体结构揭示了一种独特的结构,将保守的催化 TIM 桶附加到真核生物独有的 SAM 结合域上。新折叠的后一个结构域为 MTHFR 同二聚化提供了主要界面,将 N 端富含丝氨酸的磷酸化区域定位在 C 端 SAM 结合结构域附近。这解释了在 11 个 N 末端残基(总共 16 个)上发现的 MTHFR 磷酸化如何增加对 SAM 结合和抑制的敏感性。最后,我们证明 25 个氨基酸的域间连接子能够实现构象可塑性,并提出它是 SAM 调节的关键介质。总之,这些结果提供了对 MTHFR 分子调控的深入了解。人类酶 MTHFR 连接叶酸和蛋氨酸循环,这对于核苷酸和蛋白质的生物合成至关重要。在这里,作者介绍了人类 MTHFR 的晶体结构和生化分析,提供了对其在高等真核生物中的功能和调节的分子见解。
The folate and methionine cycles are crucial for biosynthesis of lipids, nucleotides and proteins, and production of the methyl donor S-adenosylmethionine (SAM). 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) represents a key regulatory connection between these cycles, generating 5-methyltetrahydrofolate for initiation of the methionine cycle, and undergoing allosteric inhibition by its end product SAM. Our 2.5 Å resolution crystal structure of human MTHFR reveals a unique architecture, appending the well-conserved catalytic TIM-barrel to a eukaryote-only SAM-binding domain. The latter domain of novel fold provides the predominant interface for MTHFR homo-dimerization, positioning the N-terminal serine-rich phosphorylation region near the C-terminal SAM-binding domain. This explains how MTHFR phosphorylation, identified on 11 N-terminal residues (16 in total), increases sensitivity to SAM binding and inhibition. Finally, we demonstrate that the 25-amino-acid inter-domain linker enables conformational plasticity and propose it to be a key mediator of SAM regulation. Together, these results provide insight into the molecular regulation of MTHFR. The human enzyme MTHFR links the folate and methionine cycles, which are essential for the biosynthesis of nucleotides and proteins. Here, the authors present the crystal structure and biochemical analysis of human MTHFR, providing molecular insights into its function and regulation in higher eukaryotes.
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