Aquatic versus terrestrial attachment: Water makes a difference.
Aquatic versus terrestrial attachment: Water makes a difference.
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水生与地面依恋：水有所作为。
DOI：
10.3762/bjnano.5.252
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Summers AP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ditsche P;Summers AP
在陆地和水生环境中，动物对基质的附着是非常不同的。我们讨论了分离动物的力和附着力的变化。虽然在陆地环境中，重力通常被认为是最重要的分离力，但在水下条件下，重力几乎被浮力抵消，因此影响不大。相比之下，水流力，如阻力和升力，在水生环境中更重要。根据流动条件，流动力可以达到比重力高得多的值，并且在大小和方向上变化。对于许多附着机制（粘合力，包括胶水、摩擦力、吸力和机械原理，如钩、锁、夹具和垫片），必须考虑水下的显著差异。例如，使壁虎粘在天花板上的干粘附、货车德瓦尔斯力和化学键合的主要原理在浸没条件下很弱。毛细力对于湿粘附非常重要，例如，在陆栖甲虫或苍蝇中，但通常不会出现在水下。在一些移动的动物如激流蛙和蜉蝣中，粘性力可能是水下粘附的重要因素，但仍有许多悬而未决的问题有待回答。胶是固着水生动物的主要附着机制，并且水生领域对这种附着模式提出了许多挑战。在浸没条件下，粘性力和表面张力的缺乏也会影响水生环境中的摩擦相互作用。此外，由于压力随水深增加，在真空条件下吸力对压力差的限制可以在水下得到改善。
Animal attachment to a substrate is very different in terrestrial and aquatic environments. We discuss variations in both the forces acting to detach animals and forces of attachment. While in a terrestrial environment gravity is commonly understood as the most important detachment force, under submerged conditions gravity is nearly balanced out by buoyancy and therefore matters little. In contrast, flow forces such as drag and lift are of higher importance in an aquatic environment. Depending on the flow conditions, flow forces can reach much higher values than gravity and vary in magnitude and direction. For many of the attachment mechanisms (adhesion including glue, friction, suction and mechanical principles such as hook, lock, clamp and spacer) significant differences have to be considered under water. For example, the main principles of dry adhesion, van der Waals forces and chemical bonding, which make a gecko stick to the ceiling, are weak under submerged conditions. Capillary forces are very important for wet adhesion, e.g., in terrestrial beetles or flies, but usually do not occur under water. Viscous forces are likely an important contributor to adhesion under water in some mobile animals such as torrent frogs and mayflies, but there are still many open questions to be answered. Glue is the dominant attachment mechanism of sessile aquatic animals and the aquatic realm presents many challenges to this mode of attachment. Viscous forces and the lack of surface tension under submerged conditions also affect frictional interactions in the aquatic environment. Moreover, the limitation of suction to the pressure difference at vacuum conditions can be ameliorated under water, due to the increasing pressure with water depth.
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影响因子：
2.8
作者：
Ditsche, Petra;Wainwright, Dylan K.;Summers, Adam P.
通讯作者：
Summers, Adam P.
影响因子：
0.9
作者：
Budney, L. A.;Hall, B. K.
通讯作者：
Hall, B. K.
影响因子：
2
作者：
Ditsche-Kuru, Petra;Barthlott, Wilhelm;Koop, Jochen H. E.
通讯作者：
Koop, Jochen H. E.
影响因子：
29.4
作者：
Barthlott, Wilhelm;Schimmel, Thomas;Bohn, Holger F.
通讯作者：
Bohn, Holger F.
影响因子：
2.4
作者：
Bao, Wei-Yang;Satuito, Cyril Glenn;Kitamura, Hitoshi
通讯作者：
Kitamura, Hitoshi