Microtechnology-based methods for organoid models.
Microtechnology-based methods for organoid models.
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DOI：
10.1038/s41378-020-00185-3
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
7.9
通讯作者：
Esfandyarpour R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Velasco V;Shariati SA;Esfandyarpour R
生物材料和干细胞技术的创新已经允许出现称为类器官和球状体的新型三维（3D）组织样结构。因此，与传统的2D细胞培养和动物模型相比，这些复杂的3D结构提高了准确性，并促进了人类疾病，人类发育和个性化医疗的体外研究。由于这一领域的快速发展，许多球状体和类器官的生产方法已经公布。然而，许多目前的球状体和类器官生产技术受到复杂性、产量和再现性的限制。微制造和微尺度平台（例如，微流体和微印刷）已经显示出解决目前在类器官和类球体生成中的一些限制的前景。微制造和微流体装置已被证明可以改善营养物递送和交换，并且允许尺寸受控的培养区域的阵列化生产，这些区域以较低的成本产生更均匀的类器官和球状体，以获得更高的通量。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了最新的生产方法，目前面临的挑战，在类器官和球状体生产，微加工和微流体应用，以提高球状体和类器官的产生。具体来说，我们专注于如何微加工方法和设备，如光刻，微接触印刷和微流体输送系统可以推进器官和球体在医学中的应用。基于微技术的方法可以克服目前三维细胞和组织培养过程的局限性。复杂的3D培养比标准的2D培养更深入地了解人类生物学和病理学，但其高复杂性带来了低重现性和低通量等问题。在本文中，Rahim Esfandyarpour博士，电气工程和生物医学工程助理教授，以及他的合作者，来自加州大学欧文分校，圣克鲁斯和斯坦福大学，介绍了微尺度技术的好处。该团队描述了细胞支架蛋白质在培养基上的微接触印刷如何实现更高的通量。该团队还描述了“芯片上器官”的构建，其中培养物被限制在微流体营养交换通道之间，推动了复杂和精确组织结构的发展。器官芯片设备非常经济，并提供了一个尚未充分利用的平台。
Innovations in biomaterials and stem cell technology have allowed for the emergence of novel three-dimensional (3D) tissue-like structures known as organoids and spheroids. As a result, compared to conventional 2D cell culture and animal models, these complex 3D structures have improved the accuracy and facilitated in vitro investigations of human diseases, human development, and personalized medical treatment. Due to the rapid progress of this field, numerous spheroid and organoid production methodologies have been published. However, many of the current spheroid and organoid production techniques are limited by complexity, throughput, and reproducibility. Microfabricated and microscale platforms (e.g., microfluidics and microprinting) have shown promise to address some of the current limitations in both organoid and spheroid generation. Microfabricated and microfluidic devices have been shown to improve nutrient delivery and exchange and have allowed for the arrayed production of size-controlled culture areas that yield more uniform organoids and spheroids for a higher throughput at a lower cost. In this review, we discuss the most recent production methods, challenges currently faced in organoid and spheroid production, and microfabricated and microfluidic applications for improving spheroid and organoid generation. Specifically, we focus on how microfabrication methods and devices such as lithography, microcontact printing, and microfluidic delivery systems can advance organoid and spheroid applications in medicine. Microtechnology-based approaches could overcome the limitations of current three-dimensional cell and tissue culture processes. Complex 3D cultures provide deeper insights into human biology and pathology than standard 2D cultures, but their high complexity brings issues like low reproducibility and low throughput. In this paper, Rahim Esfandyarpour, PhD, Assistant Professor of Electrical Engineering, & Biomedical Engineering, and his collaborators from the University of California, Irvine, Santa Cruz, and Stanford University introduce the benefits of microscale technologies. The team describe how microcontact printing of cell-scaffold proteins onto culture mediums allows for higher throughput. The team also describe the construction of an “organ-on-a-chip,” where cultures are constrained between microfluidic nutrient exchange channels, driving the development of complex and accurate tissue structures. Organ-on-a-chip devices are highly economical and offer a platform that is yet to be fully exploited.
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