Dorset, Norse, or Thule? Technological transfers, marine mammal contamination, and AMS dating of spun yarn and textiles from the Eastern Canadian Arctic

Dorset, Norse, or Thule? Technological transfers, marine mammal contamination, and AMS dating of spun yarn and textiles from the Eastern Canadian Arctic
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多塞特、挪威还是图勒?

DOI:
10.1016/j.jas.2018.06.005
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.8
通讯作者:
Nilsen, Gørill
Nilsen, Gørill
中科院分区:
地球科学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Hayeur Smith, Michèle;Smith, Kevin P.;Nilsen, Gørill

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从加拿大北极地区东部的史前多塞特和图勒文化遗址中发现的纱线和纺织品引发了关于新世界土著和挪威人互动的程度和时间的问题,纱线是否代表格陵兰的挪威定居者和多塞特之间的技术转移,或者这些土著北极群体在与欧洲人接触之前是否拥有独立的纤维技术。然而,海洋哺乳动物在北方文化背景中的广泛使用,以及这些动物组织中的油渗透到可确定年代的陆地材料中,对北极地区的可靠测年地点提出了普遍的问题,并对以前对这些纤维物体进行测年的努力提出了具体的问题。在本文中,我们使用最近开发的协议,完全从放射性碳样品中去除海洋哺乳动物有机污染物,使AMS测年可能和可靠的北极研究。这项研究使用这些协议直接日期的一套编织和纺动物纤维文物从五个多塞特和图勒考古遗址在加拿大北极地区东部。直接测定这些文物与海洋哺乳动物油删除有助于回答有关北欧人与多塞特郡和图勒社区接触的问题,揭示了北方土著纤维技术的话题,并提出了新的问题,欧洲人与北美北极地区的人接触之前,持续努力在18世纪世纪后的殖民化。
Yarn and textiles recovered from prehistoric Dorset and Thule culture sites in the Eastern Canadian Arctic have raised questions about the extent and timing of indigenous and Norse interaction in the New World, whether the yarn represents technological transfers between Greenland's Norse settlers and the Dorset, or whether these Indigenous Arctic groups had independent fiber technologies before contact with Europeans. However, the extensive use of marine mammals in northern cultural contexts, and the penetration of oils from these animals' tissues into datable terrestrial materials, has posed general problems for reliably dating sites in the Arctic and has raised questions specifically about previous efforts to date these fiber objects. In this paper, we use a recently developed protocol for removing marine mammal organic contaminants entirely from radiocarbon samples, making AMS dating possible and reliable for Arctic research. This study uses those protocols to directly date a suite of woven and spun animal fiber artifacts from five Dorset and Thule archaeological sites in the eastern Canadian Arctic. Directly dating these artifacts with marine mammal oils removed helps to answer questions about Norse contact with Dorset and Thule communities, sheds new light on the topic of indigenous fiber technologies in the North, and raises new questions about European contacts with the people of the North American Arctic prior to sustained efforts at colonization after the 18th century.
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