Role of glia in optic nerve.
Role of glia in optic nerve.
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胶质细胞在视神经中的作用。
DOI：
10.1016/j.preteyeres.2020.100886
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发表时间：
2021-03
影响因子：
17.8
通讯作者：
Stepicheva NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yazdankhah M;Shang P;Ghosh S;Hose S;Liu H;Weiss J;Fitting CS;Bhutto IA;Zigler JS Jr;Qian J;Sahel JA;Sinha D;Stepicheva NA
神经胶质细胞对中枢神经系统(CNS)，包括视神经(ON)的神经元活动的维持至关重要。然而，ON有几个独特的特征，例如整个神经长度的视网膜神经节细胞(RGC)轴突的髓鞘水平极高(在人类7个月龄时几乎所有的纤维都有髓鞘)，缺乏突触和非常狭窄的几何形状。此外，视神经头(ONH)--RGC轴突离开眼睛的区域--代表了一个有趣的区域，在不同物种中形态上是不同的。在许多多发性硬化症(CNS脱髓鞘疾病)中，视力问题是该病的首发症状，这表明On中的RGC和/或神经胶质细胞比CNS其他部分的细胞对病理条件更敏感。在此，我们对神经胶质细胞的组织和功能进行综述，重点介绍视网膜神经节细胞对神经胶质细胞的支持作用。我们涵盖了关于胶质细胞在健康中的重要作用的成熟概念和新发现，包括对重新髓鞘形成的机制、小胶质细胞/NG2细胞-细胞相互作用、星形胶质细胞的反应性以及通过小胶质细胞线粒体碎裂调节反应性星形胶质细胞增多症的新见解。
Glial cells are critically important for maintenance of neuronal activity in the central nervous system (CNS), including the optic nerve (ON). However, the ON has several unique characteristics, such as an extremely high myelination level of retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons throughout the length of the nerve (with virtually all fibers myelinated by 7 months of age in humans), lack of synapses and very narrow geometry. Moreover, the optic nerve head (ONH) - a region where the RGC axons exit the eye - represents an interesting area that is morphologically distinct in different species. In many cases of multiple sclerosis (demyelinating disease of the CNS) vision problems are the first manifestation of the disease, suggesting that RGCs and/or glia in the ON are more sensitive to pathological conditions than cells in other parts of the CNS. Here, we summarize current knowledge on glial organization and function in the ON, focusing on glial support of RGCs. We cover both well-established concepts on the important role of glial cells in ON health and new findings, including novel insights into mechanisms of remyelination, microglia/NG2 cell-cell interaction, astrocyte reactivity and the regulation of reactive astrogliosis by mitochondrial fragmentation in microglia.
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影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Almeida RG
通讯作者：
Almeida RG
影响因子：
2.7
作者：
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Messier, Claude
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