Evolutionary conservation of the eumetazoan gene regulatory landscape.
Evolutionary conservation of the eumetazoan gene regulatory landscape.
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DOI：
10.1101/gr.162529.113
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发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Technau U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Schwaiger M;Schönauer A;Rendeiro AF;Pribitzer C;Schauer A;Gilles AF;Schinko JB;Renfer E;Fredman D;Technau U
尽管动物之间在形态和身体结构的复杂性上存在相当大的差异，但大部分基因集在两侧门和它们基部分支的姐妹类群刺胞门之间是共享的。这表明真生动物的共同祖先已经拥有高度复杂的基因库。因此，目前尚不清楚形态多样化是如何在基因组中编码的。在这里，我们讨论基因调控的差异可能导致刺胞动物和双边动物之间的巨大形态差异。为此，我们在非双侧动物海葵Nematostella vectensis中生成了第一个基因调控元件的全基因组图谱。使用染色质免疫沉淀，然后对5个染色质修饰和一个转录辅助因子进行深度测序，我们在线虫基因组中鉴定了5000多个增强子，并可以在体内验证75%的测试增强子。我们发现，在线虫菌中，而不是在酵母中，增强子的特征是与双边菌相同的组蛋白修饰组合，并且这些增强子优先靶向发育调节基因。令人惊讶的是，与这些基因相关的基因调控元件的分布和丰度在线虫菌和双边模式生物之间是共享的。我们的研究结果表明，复杂的基因调控至少起源于6亿年前，早于真生动物的共同祖先。
Despite considerable differences in morphology and complexity of body plans among animals, a great part of the gene set is shared among Bilateria and their basally branching sister group, the Cnidaria. This suggests that the common ancestor of eumetazoans already had a highly complex gene repertoire. At present it is therefore unclear how morphological diversification is encoded in the genome. Here we address the possibility that differences in gene regulation could contribute to the large morphological divergence between cnidarians and bilaterians. To this end, we generated the first genome-wide map of gene regulatory elements in a nonbilaterian animal, the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing of five chromatin modifications and a transcriptional cofactor, we identified over 5000 enhancers in the Nematostella genome and could validate 75% of the tested enhancers in vivo. We found that in Nematostella, but not in yeast, enhancers are characterized by the same combination of histone modifications as in bilaterians, and these enhancers preferentially target developmental regulatory genes. Surprisingly, the distribution and abundance of gene regulatory elements relative to these genes are shared between Nematostella and bilaterian model organisms. Our results suggest that complex gene regulation originated at least 600 million yr ago, predating the common ancestor of eumetazoans.
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