The emerging role of norepinephrine in cognitive dysfunctions of Parkinson's disease.

The emerging role of norepinephrine in cognitive dysfunctions of Parkinson's disease.
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DOI:
10.3389/fnbeh.2012.00048
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发表时间:
2012
影响因子:
3
通讯作者:
Aston-Jones G
Aston-Jones G
中科院分区:
医学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Vazey EM;Aston-Jones G

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帕金森氏病(PD)是第二种最常见的神经退行性疾病,60岁以上人口中有1%受到影响。在这些患者中,认知功能障碍是一个长期存在的问题,会损害生活质量和生产力。神经病理学研究显示黑质多巴胺(DA)系统以外的脑区有明显的损伤,包括蓝斑去甲肾上腺素(LC-NE)神经元的早期变性,但对PD和治疗重点的讨论仍以多巴胺能为基础。运动症状受益于DA替代治疗多年,但包括几个认知缺陷在内的其他症状仍有增无减。最近对帕金森病非DA底物的兴趣突出了LC-NE神经元的早期参与,并提供了即使在散发性帕金森病中也存在认知障碍的前驱阶段的证据。我们概述了从LC-NE功能的基础研究到临床和病理证据的见解,强调了NE在PD认知功能障碍中的作用。我们认为,LC-NE调节的丧失,尤其是在高级皮质区域,是早期帕金森病某些认知功能障碍的关键基础。作为患者尚未满足的主要需求,研究和使用去甲肾上腺素药物治疗帕金森病可能会为认知处理提供显著的好处。
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, affecting 1% of the population over age 60. In those patients cognitive dysfunction is a persistent issue that impairs quality of life and productivity. Neuropathological studies demonstrate significant damage in brain regions outside the nigral dopamine (DA) system, including early degeneration of locus coeruleus norepinephrine (LC-NE) neurons, yet discussion of PD and treatment focus has remained dopaminergic-based. Motor symptoms benefit from DA replacement for many years, but other symptoms including several cognitive deficits continue unabated. Recent interest in non-DA substrates of PD highlights early involvement of LC-NE neurons and provides evidence for a prodromal phase, with cognitive disturbance, even in sporadic PD. We outline insights from basic research in LC-NE function to clinical and pathological evidence highlighting a role for NE in PD cognitive dysfunction. We propose that loss of LC-NE regulation, particularly in higher cortical regions, critically underlies certain cognitive dysfunctions in early PD. As a major unmet need for patients, research and use of NE drugs in PD may provide significant benefits for cognitive processing.
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