Soil Microbial Resources for Improving Fertilizers Efficiency in an Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System.
Soil Microbial Resources for Improving Fertilizers Efficiency in an Integrated Plant Nutrient Management System.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2018.01606
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Dhiba D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bargaz A;Lyamlouli K;Chtouki M;Zeroual Y;Dhiba D
未来的农业面临着全球粮食需求不断增长、可耕地和资源稀缺以及多重环境压力的挑战，需要通过可持续和生态高效的方法进行明智的管理。现代农业必须更具生产力、可持续性和环境友好性。虽然由矿物肥料提供的大量营养素如氮（N）、磷（P）、钾（K）和硫（S）对作物生产至关重要，但农业上有益的微生物也可以直接贡献（即，生物固氮、磷增溶和植物激素生产等）或间接地（即，抗微生物化合物的生物合成和诱导系统抗性的诱发等）作物改良和肥料效率。非常需要增加植物性能的基于微生物的生物制剂，特别是与矿物施肥表现出互补和协同作用的生物制剂。这种综合的土壤肥力管理策略已经通过几个对照和非对照实验得到了证明，但为了彻底了解土壤微生物群落本身以及与植物和矿物资源相互作用中有益微生物的多种功能，还需要做出更多的努力。事实上，微生物的组合使用[即，有益微生物：固氮（NF）、解磷和磷动员等。矿物资源是一个新兴的研究领域，旨在设计和开发与矿物投入高度相容的高效微生物制剂，对作物和环境产生积极影响。这种新的方法可能是一个全球性的利益，特别是在大多数N-和P-缺乏农业生态系统。本文综述了固氮菌和解磷菌及其与无机磷肥的相互作用对提高作物产量和肥料利用率的重要性。此外，我们揭示了在涉及这两个微生物群体的多营养相互作用中可能发生的相互作用和协同效应，以及对植物矿物质吸收、作物生产力和环境约束弹性的积极影响。改善矿物营养素的使用是以可持续的方式确保更高产量和生产力的必要条件，因此，非常需要不断设计，开发和测试基于相关生物资源（作物和微生物）的创新综合植物营养管理系统。
Tomorrow’s agriculture, challenged by increasing global demand for food, scarcity of arable lands, and resources alongside multiple environment pressures, needs to be managed smartly through sustainable and eco-efficient approaches. Modern agriculture has to be more productive, sustainable, and environmentally friendly. While macronutrients such as nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), and sulfur (S) supplied by mineral fertilizers are vital to crop production, agriculturally beneficial microorganisms may also contribute directly (i.e., biological N2 fixation, P solubilization, and phytohormone production, etc.) or indirectly (i.e., antimicrobial compounds biosynthesis and elicitation of induced systemic resistance, etc.) to crop improvement and fertilizers efficiency. Microbial-based bioformulations that increase plant performance are greatly needed, and in particular bioformulations that exhibit complementary and synergistic effects with mineral fertilization. Such an integrated soil fertility management strategy has been demonstrated through several controlled and non-controlled experiments, but more efforts have to be made in order to thoroughly understand the multiple functions of beneficial microorganisms within the soil microbial community itself and in interaction with plants and mineral resources. In fact, the combined usage of microbial [i.e., beneficial microorganisms: N2-fixing (NF), P-solubilizing, and P mobilizing, etc.] and mineral resources is an emerging research area that aims to design and develop efficient microbial formulations which are highly compatible with mineral inputs, with positive impacts on both crops and environment. This novel approach is likely to be of a global interest, especially in most N- and P-deficient agro-ecosystems. In this review, we report on the importance of NF bacteria and P solubilizing/mobilizing microbes as well as their interactions with mineral P fertilization in improving crop productivity and fertilizers efficiency. In addition, we shed light on the interactive and synergistic effects that may occur within multi-trophic interactions involving those two microbial groups and positive consequences on plant mineral uptake, crop productivity, and resiliency to environmental constraints. Improving use of mineral nutrients is a must to securing higher yield and productivity in a sustainable manner, therefore continuously designing, developing and testing innovative integrated plant nutrient management systems based on relevant biological resources (crops and microorganisms) is highly required.
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