Molecular bases and role of viruses in the human microbiome.
Molecular bases and role of viruses in the human microbiome.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jmb.2014.07.002
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发表时间：
2014-11-25
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Pride DT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Abeles SR;Pride DT
病毒是依赖性的生物实体，与地球上大多数细胞的遗传物质相互作用，包括人类微生物组中的数万亿个。它们的巨大多样性使得人类病毒群落（“病毒组”）的分析高度复杂。由于人体内的许多病毒都是噬菌体，它们与细胞宿主的动态相互作用大大增加了在检查人体微生物生态系统时观察到的复杂性。我们才刚刚开始能够大规模地研究人类病毒群落，这主要是由于测序和生物信息学技术最近和持续的进步。人类中噬菌体群落的多样性不仅与其细胞宿主的多样性有着不可分割的联系，而且还归因于它们的快速进化、水平基因转移以及与宿主核酸的密切相互作用。在研究的许多体表，包括口腔、胃肠道和呼吸道，甚至在以前被认为是纯无菌环境的人体血液中，都观察到了大量的病毒基因型。血液中病毒的存在表明病毒组成员可以穿过粘膜屏障，因为当粘膜防御减弱时，这些群落确实会发生实质性变化。也许人类病毒群落最有趣的方面是它们携带参与宿主发病机制的基因功能的程度，特别是抗生素耐药性。相互密切接触的人已被证明共享一部分口腔病毒生物群，这可能对抗生素耐药性向健康个体的传播具有重要意义。由于病毒可以通过转移有益基因功能或裂解某些细胞宿主群体等机制对生态系统动态产生重大影响，因此它们可能具有影响人类健康的有益和有害作用，包括改善微生物对干扰的恢复力，免疫逃避，维持生理过程，以及以促进或防止病原体定殖的方式改变微生物群落。许多病毒是人类微生物组的稳定成员。人类微生物组的病毒为一些细菌提供了进化优势。病毒生物群穿越人体粘膜屏障。微生物组中的噬菌体保护粘膜屏障免受潜在病原体的侵害。病毒生物群可能参与导致人类疾病的生态失调。
Viruses are dependent biological entities that interact with the genetic material of most cells on the planet, including the trillions within the human microbiome. Their tremendous diversity renders analysis of human viral communities (“viromes”) to be highly complex. Because many of the viruses in humans are bacteriophage, their dynamic interactions with their cellular hosts add greatly to the complexities observed in examining human microbial ecosystems. We are only beginning to be able to study human viral communities on a large scale, mostly as a result of recent and continued advancements in sequencing and bioinformatic technologies. Bacteriophage community diversity in humans not only is inexorably linked to the diversity of their cellular hosts but also is due to their rapid evolution, horizontal gene transfers, and intimate interactions with host nucleic acids. There are vast numbers of observed viral genotypes on many body surfaces studied, including the oral, gastrointestinal, and respiratory tracts, and even in the human bloodstream, which previously was considered a purely sterile environment. The presence of viruses in blood suggests that virome members can traverse mucosal barriers, as indeed these communities are substantially altered when mucosal defenses are weakened. Perhaps the most interesting aspect of human viral communities is the extent to which they can carry gene functions involved in the pathogenesis of their hosts, particularly antibiotic resistance. Persons in close contact with each other have been shown to share a fraction of oral virobiota, which could potentially have important implications for the spread of antibiotic resistance to healthy individuals. Because viruses can have a large impact on ecosystem dynamics through mechanisms such as the transfers of beneficial gene functions or the lysis of certain populations of cellular hosts, they may have both beneficial and detrimental roles that affect human health, including improvements in microbial resilience to disturbances, immune evasion, maintenance of physiologic processes, and altering the microbial community in ways that promote or prevent pathogen colonization. Many viruses are stable members of the human microbiome. Viruses of the human microbiome provide evolutionary advantages to some bacteria. Virobiota traverse human mucosal barriers. Bacteriophage in the microbiome protect mucosal barriers from potential pathogens. Virobiota may be involved in dysbiosis that results in human disease.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Bono, Lisa M.;Gensel, Catharine L.;Burch, Christina L.
通讯作者：
Burch, Christina L.
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Colomer-Lluch, Marta;Imamovic, Lejla;Muniesa, Maite
通讯作者：
Muniesa, Maite
DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1305923110
发表时间：
2013-06-25
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Barr, Jeremy J.;Auro, Rita;Rohwer, Forest
通讯作者：
Rohwer, Forest
影响因子：
11
作者：
Abeles, Shira R.;Robles-Sikisaka, Refugio;Pride, David T.
通讯作者：
Pride, David T.
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Colomer-Lluch M;Jofre J;Muniesa M
通讯作者：
Muniesa M