Persistence of emerging viral fecal indicators in large-scale freshwater mesocosms.
Persistence of emerging viral fecal indicators in large-scale freshwater mesocosms.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.wroa.2020.100067
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发表时间：
2020-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Bibby K
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greaves J;Stone D;Wu Z;Bibby K
粪便指示细菌（FIB）通常用于监测微生物水质，但由于环境命运不同，它们不能很好地代表病毒。病毒粪便指标已被提议作为FIB的替代品；然而，评估新出现的病毒粪便指标在现实环境条件下的持久性数据是评估其潜在应用的必要条件。在本研究中，我们在大型实验池塘和淡水生态系统中检测了5种病毒粪便指标（包括草芥和辣椒轻度斑纹病毒（PMMoV））和3种细菌粪便指标（大肠杆菌、肠球菌和HF183/BacR287）的持久性。观察到的失活速率常数变化很大，范围从PMMoV最小的−0.09 d−1到HF183/BacR287最大的−3.5 d−1。总的来说，病毒粪便指标的失活速度比细菌粪便指标慢，PMMoV的失活速度比所有其他靶标都慢。这些结果表明，由于持久性的差异，细菌粪便指标不能充分反映污水污染水老化后的病毒命运，目前使用的粪便指标监测目标表现出高度可变的持久性，在水质监测和风险评估中应考虑到这一点。病毒指示物的衰变比细菌指示物的衰变慢。与所有其他指标相比，PMMoV具有更长的持久性。除PMMoV外，粪便指示剂在阳光下腐烂更快。相对失活将有助于制定水质监测的各项指标。
Fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) are typically used to monitor microbial water quality but are poor representatives of viruses due to different environmental fate. Viral fecal indicators have been proposed as alternatives to FIB; however, data evaluating the persistence of emerging viral fecal indicators under realistic environmental conditions is necessary to evaluate their potential application. In this study, we examined the persistence of five viral fecal indicators, including crAssphage and pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV), and three bacterial fecal indicators (E. coli, enterococci and HF183/BacR287) in large-scale experimental ponds and freshwater mesocosms. Observed inactivation rate constants were highly variable and ranged from a minimum of −0.09 d−1 for PMMoV to a maximum of −3.5 d−1 for HF183/BacR287 in uncovered mesocosms. Overall, viral fecal indicators had slower inactivation than bacterial fecal indicators and PMMoV was inactivated more slowly than all other targets. These results demonstrate that bacterial fecal indicators inadequately represent viral fate following aging of sewage contaminated water due to differential persistence, and that currently used fecal indicator monitoring targets demonstrate highly variable persistence that should be considered during water quality monitoring and risk assessment. Viral indicator decay was slower than bacterial indicator decay. PMMoV had extended persistence compared to all other indicators. Fecal indicators, except PMMoV, had faster decay in the presence of sunlight. Relative inactivation will help develop each indicator for water quality monitoring.
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