Rearrangement of macronucleus chromosomes correspond to TAD-like structures of micronucleus chromosomes in Tetrahymena thermophila
Rearrangement of macronucleus chromosomes correspond to TAD-like structures of micronucleus chromosomes in Tetrahymena thermophila
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嗜热四膜虫大核染色体的重排对应于微核染色体的 TAD 样结构
DOI：
10.1101/gr.241687.118
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发表时间：
2020-03
期刊：
影响因子：
7
通讯作者：
Song X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Luo Z;Hu T;Jiang H;Wang R;Xu Q;Zhang S;Cao J;Song X
嗜热四膜虫的体细胞大核 (MAC) 和种系微核 (MIC) 在染色体数量、大小、功能、转录活性和粘连蛋白复合物位置方面有所不同。然而，嗜热木霉中的高级染色质组织仍然很大程度上未知。在这里，我们使用 Hi-C 和 HiChIP 方法探索了嗜热丝虫两个不同细胞核中的高阶染色质组织。我们发现减数分裂新月体MIC具有特定的染色体相互作用模式，5条MIC染色体上的所有端粒或着丝粒分别聚集在一起，这也有助于识别MIC中着丝粒的中点。我们发现 MAC 染色体缺乏 A/B 区室、拓扑关联域 (TAD) 和染色质环。 MIC 染色体具有类似 TAD 的结构，但没有 A/B 区室和染色质环。 MIC中TAD样结构的边界与染色质断裂序列(CBS)位点高度一致，表明MIC染色体的每条TAD样结构在MAC发育过程中发育成一条MAC染色体，这提供了接合过程中MAC染色体形成的机制。总的来说，我们证明了嗜热丝虫的两个细胞核中独特的高阶染色质组织，并表明高阶染色质结构可能在 MAC 染色体的发育过程中发挥重要作用。
The somatic macronucleus (MAC) and germline micronucleus (MIC) of Tetrahymena thermophila differ in chromosome numbers, sizes, functions, transcriptional activities, and cohesin complex location. However, the higher-order chromatin organization in T. thermophila is still largely unknown. Here, we explored the higher-order chromatin organization in the two distinct nuclei of T. thermophila using the Hi-C and HiChIP methods. We found that the meiotic crescent MIC has a specific chromosome interaction pattern, with all the telomeres or centromeres on the five MIC chromosomes clustering together, respectively, which is also helpful to identify the midpoints of centromeres in the MIC. We revealed that the MAC chromosomes lack A/B compartments, topologically associating domains (TADs), and chromatin loops. The MIC chromosomes have TAD-like structures but not A/B compartments and chromatin loops. The boundaries of the TAD-like structures in the MIC are highly consistent with the chromatin breakage sequence (CBS) sites, suggesting that each TAD-like structure of the MIC chromosomes develops into one MAC chromosome during MAC development, which provides a mechanism of the formation of MAC chromosomes during conjugation. Overall, we demonstrated the distinct higher-order chromatin organization in the two nuclei of the T. thermophila and suggest that the higher-order chromatin structures may play important roles during the development of the MAC chromosomes.
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