Winter feeding of elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and its effects on disease dynamics.
Winter feeding of elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and its effects on disease dynamics.
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2017.0093
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发表时间：
2018-05-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
du Toit JT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cotterill GG;Cross PC;Cole EK;Fuda RK;Rogerson JD;Scurlock BM;du Toit JT
在天然食物有限的时期向野生动物提供食物会导致聚集，从而可能促进疾病传播。怀俄明州西部就是一个例子，过去一个世纪，那里的机构饲养旨在减轻野生动物与牲畜的冲突，并最大限度地减少麋鹿（Cervus canadensis）的冬季死亡率。在此，我们回顾了 23 个冬季饲养场的研究，其中研究最多的疾病是由流产布鲁氏菌引起的布鲁氏菌病。迄今为止，传统的兽医实践（疫苗接种、检测和屠宰）无法控制麋鹿的这种疾病，这种疾病可能会传染给牛。目前的减少疾病工作是在有关麋鹿的运动和密度、繁殖、压力、共同感染和食腐动物的生态研究的指导下进行的。如果有合适的工具，饲养场可以通过定期动物测试和群体水平操作为布鲁氏菌病的适应性管理提供机会。尽管受到社会政治环境的限制，我们对几种此类操作的分析凸显了以假设检验为指导的研究与管理伙伴关系的价值。然而，布鲁氏菌病现在正在未饲喂的麋鹿群中传播，而其他疾病（例如慢性消耗性疾病）在饲养场中也越来越受到关注。因此，实验性关闭饲养场、减少饲养和减少麋鹿数量值得考虑。本文是主题“人类资源补贴和野生动物宿主-寄生虫动态”的一部分。
Providing food to wildlife during periods when natural food is limited results in aggregations that may facilitate disease transmission. This is exemplified in western Wyoming where institutional feeding over the past century has aimed to mitigate wildlife–livestock conflict and minimize winter mortality of elk (Cervus canadensis). Here we review research across 23 winter feedgrounds where the most studied disease is brucellosis, caused by the bacterium Brucella abortus. Traditional veterinary practices (vaccination, test-and-slaughter) have thus far been unable to control this disease in elk, which can spill over to cattle. Current disease-reduction efforts are being guided by ecological research on elk movement and density, reproduction, stress, co-infections and scavengers. Given the right tools, feedgrounds could provide opportunities for adaptive management of brucellosis through regular animal testing and population-level manipulations. Our analyses of several such manipulations highlight the value of a research–management partnership guided by hypothesis testing, despite the constraints of the sociopolitical environment. However, brucellosis is now spreading in unfed elk herds, while other diseases (e.g. chronic wasting disease) are of increasing concern at feedgrounds. Therefore experimental closures of feedgrounds, reduced feeding and lower elk populations merit consideration. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Anthropogenic resource subsidies and host–parasite dynamics in wildlife’.
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影响因子：
8.7
作者：
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通讯作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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DOI：
10.1196/annals.1351.006
发表时间：
2006-01-01
期刊：
BASIC AND CLINICAL ASPECTS OF NEUROENDOCRINE IMMUNOLOGY IN RHEUMATIC DISEASES
影响因子：
--
作者：
Calcagni, Emanuele;Elenkov, Ilia
通讯作者：
Elenkov, Ilia