Semivolatile endocrine-disrupting compounds in paired indoor and outdoor air in two northern California communities.
Semivolatile endocrine-disrupting compounds in paired indoor and outdoor air in two northern California communities.
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DOI：
10.1021/es100159c
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Brody, Julia Green
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A.;Dodson, Robin E.;Perovich, Laura J.;Morello-Frosch, Rachel;Camann, David E.;Zuniga, Michelle M.;Yau, Alice Y.;Just, Allan C.;Brody, Julia Green
消费产品中使用的高产量化学物质潜在内分泌干扰化合物 (EDC) 对健康的影响引起了人们的关注，这使得暴露评估和来源识别成为当务之急。我们在加利福尼亚州里士满城市工业区的 40 个无烟家庭和加利福尼亚州博利纳斯农村地区的 10 个无烟家庭中收集了配对的室内和室外空气样本。通过 GC-MS 分析了 104 种分析物，包括邻苯二甲酸盐 (11)、烷基酚 (3)、对羟基苯甲酸酯 (3)、多溴二苯醚 (PBDE) 阻燃剂 (3)、多氯联苯 (PCB) (3)、多环芳烃 (PAH) (24)、农药 (38) 和 酚类化合物(19)。我们在室外空气中检测到 39 种分析物，在室内空气中检测到 63 种分析物。对于许多酚类化合物、烷基酚、邻苯二甲酸盐和多溴二苯醚来说，这些代表了一些首次的户外测量，以及对配对样品中室内和室外来源的相对重要性的首次分析。数据显示 32 种分析物的室内浓度较高，表明主要是室内来源，而只有 2 种分析物在室外浓度较高。里士满的室外空气中 3 种邻苯二甲酸盐、10 种多环芳烃和邻苯基苯酚的浓度高于博利纳斯，而社区之间的室内空气水平则更为相似，只不过室外观察到的差异在室内也存在。最普遍的化学物质的室内浓度通常彼此相关（4-叔丁基苯酚、邻苯基苯酚、壬基苯酚、几种邻苯二甲酸酯和甲基菲；Kendall 相关系数 0.2−0.6，p < 0.05），表明可能存在共享来源，并强调在健康研究中考虑混合物的重要性。半挥发性内分泌干扰化学物质的室内和室外空气浓度配对表明主要是室内来源，而最普遍的商业化学物质在各个家庭之间具有相关性。
Interest in the health effects of potential endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are high production volume chemicals used in consumer products has made exposure assessment and source identification a priority. We collected paired indoor and outdoor air samples in 40 nonsmoking homes in urban, industrial Richmond, CA, and 10 in rural Bolinas, CA. Samples were analyzed by GC-MS for 104 analytes, including phthalates (11), alkylphenols (3), parabens (3), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants (3), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) (3), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) (24), pesticides (38), and phenolic compounds (19). We detected 39 analytes in outdoor air and 63 in indoor air. For many of the phenolic compounds, alkylphenols, phthalates, and PBDEs, these represent some of the first outdoor measures and the first analysis of the relative importance of indoor and outdoor sources in paired samples. Data demonstrate higher indoor concentrations for 32 analytes, suggesting primarily indoor sources, as compared with only 2 that were higher outdoors. Outdoor air concentrations were higher in Richmond than Bolinas for 3 phthalates, 10 PAHs, and o-phenylphenol, while indoor air levels were more similar between communities, except that differences observed outdoors were also seen indoors. Indoor concentrations of the most ubiquitous chemicals were generally correlated with each other (4-t-butylphenol, o-phenylphenol, nonylphenol, several phthalates, and methyl phenanthrenes; Kendall correlation coefficients 0.2−0.6, p < 0.05), indicating possible shared sources and highlighting the importance of considering mixtures in health studies. Paired indoor and outdoor air concentrations of semivolatile endocrine-disrupting chemicals suggest primarily indoor sources, and the most ubiquitous commercial chemicals are correlated across homes.
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