Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air.
Endocrine disrupting chemicals in indoor and outdoor air.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2008.09.025
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Perovich, Laura J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rudel, Ruthann A.;Perovich, Laura J.
在过去的50年里，新的建筑材料、家具和消费品迅速发展，相应地，建筑环境中的新化学品也出现了爆炸式增长。虽然暴露水平在很大程度上没有记录，但随着越来越多的化学物质被使用，人们开始在室内呆的时间越来越长，空气交换率降低以提高能源效率，暴露水平很可能有所增加。由于对化学品安全测试的监管要求较弱，这些化学品的毒性数据有限。在过去的15年里，一些常用于建筑材料、家具和消费品的化学物质已被证明是内分泌干扰化学物质——也就是说，它们会干扰内源性激素的作用。这些包括多氯联苯，用于电气设备，填缝，油漆和表面涂层；用于电子产品、家具和纺织品的氯化和溴化阻燃剂；农药，用于控制昆虫，杂草和其他害虫在农业，草坪维护和建筑环境；邻苯二甲酸盐，用于乙烯基、塑料、香水和其他产品；烷基酚，用于洗涤剂、农药配方和聚苯乙烯塑料；还有对羟基苯甲酸酯，用来保存乳液和防晒霜等产品。本文总结了报告的室内和室外空气浓度、化学物质的使用和来源，以及每种化学物质的毒性数据。虽然与工业和运输有关的污染物已被证明从室外来源迁移到室内，但预计这些消费品化学品的室内来源占主导地位；一些研究已经确定室内源是影响人口密集地区室外环境空气浓度的主要因素。对其中许多化学物质的作用机制、不良影响和剂量-反应关系了解甚少，目前还没有对常见化学物质进行内分泌干扰效应的系统筛查，因此，这些接触对健康的影响仍然存在问题。
The past 50 years have seen rapid development of new building materials, furnishings, and consumer products and a corresponding explosion in new chemicals in the built environment. While exposure levels are largely undocumented, they are likely to have increased as a wider variety of chemicals came into use, people began spending more time indoors, and air exchange rates decreased to improve energy efficiency. As a result of weak regulatory requirements for chemical safety testing, only limited toxicity data are available for these chemicals. Over the past 15 years, some chemical classes commonly used in building materials, furnishings, and consumer products have been shown to be endocrine disrupting chemicals—that is they interfere with the action of endogenous hormones. These include PCBs, used in electrical equipment, caulking, paints and surface coatings; chlorinated and brominated flame retardants, used in electronics, furniture, and textiles; pesticides, used to control insects, weeds, and other pests in agriculture, lawn maintenance, and the built environment; phthalates, used in vinyl, plastics, fragrances, and other products; alkylphenols, used in detergents, pesticide formulations, and polystyrene plastics; and parabens, used to preserve products like lotions and sunscreens. This paper summarizes reported indoor and outdoor air concentrations, chemical use and sources, and toxicity data for each of these chemical classes. While industrial and transportation-related pollutants have been shown to migrate indoors from outdoor sources, it is expected that indoor sources predominate for these consumer product chemicals; and some studies have identified indoor sources as the predominant factor influencing outdoor ambient air concentrations in densely populated areas. Mechanisms of action, adverse effects, and dose-response relationships for many of these chemicals are poorly understood and no systematic screening of common chemicals for endocrine disrupting effects is currently underway, so questions remain as to the health impacts of these exposures.
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影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Bornehag, Carl-Gustaf;Lundgren, Bjorn;Weschler, Charles J;Sigsgaard, Torben;Hagerhed-Engman, Linda;Sundell, Jan
通讯作者：
Sundell, Jan
影响因子：
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作者：
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通讯作者：
Baker, Lynton
影响因子：
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作者：
Decastro, BR;Korrick, SA;Soto, AM
通讯作者：
Soto, AM
影响因子：
11.8
作者：
Deng, W. J.;Zheng, J. S.;Wong, M. H.
通讯作者：
Wong, M. H.
影响因子：
10.4
作者：
Adibi, Jennifer J;Perera, Frederica P;Jedrychowski, Wieslaw;Camann, David E;Barr, Dana;Jacek, Ryszard;Whyatt, Robin M
通讯作者：
Whyatt, Robin M