Environmentally relevant concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles pose negligible risk to marine microbes.
Environmentally relevant concentrations of titanium dioxide nanoparticles pose negligible risk to marine microbes.
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DOI：
10.1039/d0en00883d
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发表时间：
2021-04-09
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Davies GL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dedman CJ;King AM;Christie-Oleza JA;Davies GL
纳米二氧化钛（nTiO2）是世界范围内产量最高的纳米材料，由于其广泛的工业和商业用途，它不可避免地会到达自然环境。以前的工作已经揭示了二氧化钛对海洋浮游植物生长的负面影响，然而，研究通常是在远远超过当前环境中测量和预测的浓度的情况下进行的。本研究开展了一系列实验，以评估研究级nTiO2和从消费品中提取的nTiO2在环境相关浓度和超环境浓度（即1 μg L−1至100 mg L−1）下对海洋优势蓝藻、原绿球藻和天然海洋群落的影响。在原绿球藻培养中观察到的细胞衰退与nTiO2在盐水培养基中的广泛聚集行为和随后的微生物细胞的包裹有关。因此，nTiO2浓度越高，蓝藻数量的下降幅度越大。然而，在天然寡营养海水中，随着时间的推移，随着纳米颗粒在72小时后从溶液中聚集，培养物能够恢复。随后对暴露于环境相关浓度的原绿球藻培养物进行的鸟枪蛋白质组学分析证实了毒性的最小分子特征，这表明直接的物理效应是短期微生物种群下降的原因。在另一项实验中，当暴露于与环境相关的nTiO2浓度（即25 μg L−1）时，天然海洋微生物群落的多样性和结构变化可以忽略不计。因此，二氧化钛对海洋微生物物种的环境风险似乎很低，但在污染热点地区存在潜在的不利影响。在未来，研究必须扩展到考虑纳米产品配方中其他成分对纳米材料命运和自然环境影响的任何影响。将原绿球藻培养物暴露于与环境相关和超环境浓度（1 μg L−1至100 mg L−1）的研究级和提取的纳米TiO2中，会导致最初的细胞衰退，随后完全恢复种群。
Nano-sized titanium dioxide (nTiO2) represents the highest produced nanomaterial by mass worldwide and, due to its prevalent industrial and commercial use, it inevitably reaches the natural environment. Previous work has revealed a negative impact of nTiO2 upon marine phytoplankton growth, however, studies are typically carried out at concentrations far exceeding those measured and predicted to occur in the environment currently. Here, a series of experiments were carried out to assess the effects of both research-grade nTiO2 and nTiO2 extracted from consumer products upon the marine dominant cyanobacterium, Prochlorococcus, and natural marine communities at environmentally relevant and supra-environmental concentrations (i.e., 1 μg L−1 to 100 mg L−1). Cell declines observed in Prochlorococcus cultures were associated with the extensive aggregation behaviour of nTiO2 in saline media and the subsequent entrapment of microbial cells. Hence, higher concentrations of nTiO2 particles exerted a stronger decline of cyanobacterial populations. However, within natural oligotrophic seawater, cultures were able to recover over time as the nanoparticles aggregated out of solution after 72 h. Subsequent shotgun proteomic analysis of Prochlorococcus cultures exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations confirmed minimal molecular features of toxicity, suggesting that direct physical effects are responsible for short-term microbial population decline. In an additional experiment, the diversity and structure of natural marine microbial communities showed negligible variations when exposed to environmentally relevant nTiO2 concentrations (i.e., 25 μg L−1). As such, the environmental risk of nTiO2 towards marine microbial species appears low, however the potential for adverse effects in hotspots of contamination exists. In future, research must be extended to consider any effect of other components of nano-enabled product formulations upon nanomaterial fate and impact within the natural environment. Exposure of Prochlorococcus cultures to research-grade and extracted nano-sized TiO2 at environmentally-relevant and supra-environmental concentrations (1 μg L−1 to 100 mg L−1) results in initial cell decline, followed by full population recovery.
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