The neural system of metacognition accompanying decision-making in the prefrontal cortex.
The neural system of metacognition accompanying decision-making in the prefrontal cortex.
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前额皮质伴随决策的元认知神经系统
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pbio.2004037
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发表时间：
2018-04
期刊：
影响因子：
9.8
通讯作者：
Wan X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Qiu L;Su J;Ni Y;Bai Y;Zhang X;Li X;Wan X
决策通常伴随着元认知，通过元认知，决策者监控决策的不确定性，并可能因此修改决策。这些元认知过程可以发生在反馈之前或没有反馈的情况下。然而，元认知的神经机制仍然存在争议。一种理论认为，在前额叶皮层（PFC）中有一个独立的元认知神经系统;另一种理论认为，元认知过程与用于决策过程本身的系统重合和重叠。在这项研究中，我们设计了一个新的“决策-再决策”范式，以调查参与再决策的神经元认知过程相比，最初的决策过程。参与者在功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）期间接受了感知决策任务和基于规则的决策任务。我们发现，前PFC，包括背侧前扣带皮层（dACC）和外侧额极皮层（lFPC），更广泛地激活后，最初的决定。dACC活动在重新决定积极缩放与决策的不确定性和相关的个人元认知不确定性监测能力，通常发生在这两个任务，表明dACC是专门参与决策的不确定性监测。相比之下，lFPC活动中看到的再决策处理的规模与决策的不确定性减少和相关的个人准确性的变化，积极的规则为基础的决策任务和消极的知觉决策任务。我们的研究结果表明，lFPC是专门参与元认知控制的决策调整，并受到不同的控制要求的任务。因此，我们的研究结果支持，一个单独的神经系统在PFC是本质上参与元认知，并进一步，功能的PFC在元认知是分离的。决策往往伴随着对结果的不确定感。在许多情况下，没有明确的反馈或提示来表明决策是否正确。幸运的是，我们的大脑可以使用内部信号评估决策的不确定性，并随后对初始决策进行适当的调整。考虑一个决定的结果以及是否应该调整决定的过程被称为元认知，它往往是自动诱导的。因此，决策通常伴随着元认知，这两个过程不可避免地耦合在一起。然而，支持元认知处理的神经系统仍然不清楚，并且经常被错误地归因于决策过程本身的神经系统。在这里，我们分析了这个过程中，在几个志愿者进行数独和随机点运动（RDM）任务时，通过成像特定区域的大脑活动。我们的研究结果表明，存在一个位于前额叶皮层（PFC）的神经系统，主要参与元认知和独立的神经系统的决策。
Decision-making is usually accompanied by metacognition, through which a decision maker monitors uncertainty regarding a decision and may then consequently revise the decision. These metacognitive processes can occur prior to or in the absence of feedback. However, the neural mechanisms of metacognition remain controversial. One theory proposes an independent neural system for metacognition in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); the other, that metacognitive processes coincide and overlap with the systems used for the decision-making process per se. In this study, we devised a novel “decision–redecision” paradigm to investigate the neural metacognitive processes involved in redecision as compared to the initial decision-making process. The participants underwent a perceptual decision-making task and a rule-based decision-making task during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). We found that the anterior PFC, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and lateral frontopolar cortex (lFPC), were more extensively activated after the initial decision. The dACC activity in redecision positively scaled with decision uncertainty and correlated with individual metacognitive uncertainty monitoring abilities—commonly occurring in both tasks—indicating that the dACC was specifically involved in decision uncertainty monitoring. In contrast, the lFPC activity seen in redecision processing was scaled with decision uncertainty reduction and correlated with individual accuracy changes—positively in the rule-based decision-making task and negatively in the perceptual decision-making task. Our results show that the lFPC was specifically involved in metacognitive control of decision adjustment and was subject to different control demands of the tasks. Therefore, our findings support that a separate neural system in the PFC is essentially involved in metacognition and further, that functions of the PFC in metacognition are dissociable. Decision-making is often accompanied by a sense of uncertainty regarding the outcome. In many situations, there is no explicit feedback or cue to indicate whether the decision is correct or not. Fortunately, our brain can evaluate decision uncertainty using the internal signals and subsequently make appropriate adjustments to initial decisions. The process of considering the outcome of a decision and whether a decision should be adjusted is called metacognition, and it tends to be automatically induced. Thus, decision-making is usually accompanied by metacognition, and the two processes are inevitably coupled. However, the neural systems supporting metacognitive processing remain unclear and have often been misattributed to the neural system of the decision-making process per se. Here, we have analyzed this process in several volunteers by imaging the brain activity in specific regions while they performed Sudoku and random-dot motion (RDM) tasks. Our results suggest the existence of a neural system located in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) mainly involved in metacognition and independent from the neural system of decision-making.
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.0504136102
发表时间：
2005-07-05
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Fox, MD;Snyder, AZ;Raichle, ME
通讯作者：
Raichle, ME
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Daw, Nathaniel D.;O'Doherty, John P.;Dayan, Peter;Seymour, Ben;Dolan, Raymond J.
通讯作者：
Dolan, Raymond J.
影响因子：
14.5
作者：
Del Cul, A.;Dehaene, S.;Slachevsky, A.
通讯作者：
Slachevsky, A.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Boorman, Erie D.;Behrens, Timothy E. J.;Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
通讯作者：
Rushworth, Matthew F. S.
影响因子：
5.7
作者：
Chua, EF;Schacter, DL;Sperling, RA
通讯作者：
Sperling, RA