Tracing the evolution of avian wing digits.

Tracing the evolution of avian wing digits.
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追踪鸟翼数字的演变。

DOI:
10.1016/j.cub.2013.04.071
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发表时间:
2013-06-17
期刊:
Current biology : CB
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Mackem S
Mackem S
中科院分区:
其他
文献类型:
--
作者:
Xu X;Mackem S

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鸟类被广泛认为是恐龙的一个亚群,但有一个明显的冲突:现代鸟类被认为只拥有理想的五指四足动物手的中间三个手指(数字II-III-IV),但它们的中生代破伤风恐龙祖先被认为拥有前三个手指(I-II-III)。这种进化上的怪癖是怎么产生的呢?人们提出了各种假设来解决这个悖论。更令人困惑的是,最近的一些发育研究支持鸟类翼指的I-II-III命名,而最近的一些古生物学数据则与中生代破伤风类动物翼指的II-III-IV鉴定一致。一个全面的古生物学和发育数据的分析表明,鸟类翅膀数字的进化可能是由数字身份的同源异型转换,这是更有可能发生在一个部分和零碎的方式。此外,最近在小鼠模型中进行的遗传研究显示了中央趾缺失的合理机制,这邀请人们考虑鸟类翼趾同源性的新的替代可能性(I-II-IV或I-III-IV)。虽然已经取得了很大的进展,一些进展指出了问题的复杂性,最终解决这一正在进行的辩论需要从古生物学和发展的角度进行更多的工作,这必将产生新的见解进化适应机制。
It is widely accepted that birds are a subgroup of dinosaurs, but there is an apparent conflict: modern birds have been thought to possess only the middle three fingers (digits II-III-IV) of an idealized five-digit tetrapod hand based on embryological data, but their Mesozoic tetanuran dinosaur ancestors are considered to have the first three digits (I-II-III) based on fossil evidence. How could such an evolutionary quirk arise? Various hypotheses have been proposed to resolve this paradox. Adding to the confusion, some recent developmental studies support a I-II-III designation for avian wing digits whereas some recent paleontological data are consistent with a II-III-IV identification of the Mesozoic tetanuran digits. A comprehensive analysis of both paleontological and developmental data suggests that the evolution of the avian wing digits may have been driven by homeotic transformations of digit identity, which are more likely to have occurred in a partial and piecemeal manner. Additionally, recent genetic studies in mouse models showing plausible mechanisms for central digit loss invite consideration of new alternative possibilities (I-II-IV or I-III-IV) for the homologies of avian wing digits. While much progress has been made, some advances point to the complexity of the problem and a final resolution to this ongoing debate demands additional work from both paleontological and developmental perspectives, which will surely yield new insights on mechanisms of evolutionary adaptation.
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