Tobacco smoke augments Porphyromonas gingivalis-Streptococcus gordonii biofilm formation.

Tobacco smoke augments Porphyromonas gingivalis-Streptococcus gordonii biofilm formation.
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DOI:
10.1371/journal.pone.0027386
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发表时间:
2011
期刊:
影响因子:
3.7
通讯作者:
Scott DA
Scott DA
中科院分区:
综合性期刊3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Bagaitkar J;Daep CA;Patel CK;Renaud DE;Demuth DR;Scott DA

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吸烟是导致美国大部分牙周炎病例的原因,吸烟者比非吸烟者更容易受到牙周病原体牙龈卟啉单胞菌的感染。牙龈卟啉单胞菌在口腔中的定植取决于其与其他牙菌斑细菌(包括戈登链球菌)的相互作用。微阵列分析表明,暴露于香烟烟雾提取物(CSE)的牙龈卟啉单胞菌的主要菌毛抗原(FimA)的表达增加,但不是次要菌毛抗原(Mfa 1)。因此,我们假设CSE促进牙龈卟啉单胞菌-S。戈登氏菌生物膜形成的FIMA依赖性的方式。暴露于CSE后,FimA总蛋白和细胞表面表达增加,而Mfa 1不受影响。CSE暴露不诱导牙龈卟啉单胞菌自动聚集,但确实促进双物种生物膜形成,通过微菌落数和深度监测(两者,p<0.05)。有趣的是,在CSE存在下生长的牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜表现出比对照生物膜更低的促炎能力(TNF-α、IL-6)(两者,p<0.01)。暴露于CSE的牙龈卟啉单胞菌更强地结合固定化的rGAPDH,S. Gordonii)比对照生物膜(P<0.001),并且以剂量依赖性方式进行。然而,代表S. gordonii、SspB完全抑制双菌种生物膜的形成。因此,CSE可能通过增加FimA亲合力来增强牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜形成,这反过来支持初始的种间相互作用并促进随后的高亲和力Mfa 1-SspB相互作用,从而驱动生物膜生长。CSE诱导有限的促炎潜力的牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜可能解释这种病原体在吸烟者中的持续性增加。这些发现也可能与其他生物膜诱导的感染性疾病和病症有关。
Smoking is responsible for the majority of periodontitis cases in the US and smokers are more susceptible than non-smokers to infection by the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. P. gingivalis colonization of the oral cavity is dependent upon its interaction with other plaque bacteria, including Streptococcus gordonii. Microarray analysis suggested that exposure of P. gingivalis to cigarette smoke extract (CSE) increased the expression of the major fimbrial antigen (FimA), but not the minor fimbrial antigen (Mfa1). Therefore, we hypothesized that CSE promotes P. gingivalis-S. gordonii biofilm formation in a FimA-dependent manner. FimA total protein and cell surface expression were increased upon exposure to CSE whereas Mfa1 was unaffected. CSE exposure did not induce P. gingivalis auto-aggregation but did promote dual species biofilm formation, monitored by microcolony numbers and depth (both, p<0.05). Interestingly, P. gingivalis biofilms grown in the presence of CSE exhibited a lower pro-inflammatory capacity (TNF-α, IL-6) than control biofilms (both, p<0.01). CSE-exposed P. gingivalis bound more strongly to immobilized rGAPDH, the cognate FimA ligand on S. gordonii, than control biofilms (p<0.001) and did so in a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, a peptide representing the Mfa1 binding site on S. gordonii, SspB, completely inhibited dual species biofilm formation. Thus, CSE likely augments P. gingivalis biofilm formation by increasing FimA avidity which, in turn, supports initial interspecies interactions and promotes subsequent high affinity Mfa1-SspB interactions driving biofilm growth. CSE induction of P. gingivalis biofilms of limited pro-inflammatory potential may explain the increased persistence of this pathogen in smokers. These findings may also be relevant to other biofilm-induced infectious diseases and conditions.
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